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油菜是我国重要的油料作物之一,近几年来总产量大幅度上升;但传统种植的油菜品种,因菜油中的芥酸含量高,食用品质较差,不符合国际贸易出口需要;菜饼中的芥子甙(硫代葡萄糖甙)含量高,不能用作饲料;致使国家向农民收购菜籽后赔本,收购越多赔本越多;改进油菜籽的品质已成为当务之急。为配合油菜“双零”或“双低”(无或低芥酸、无或低芥子甙)育种、引种和推广工作在我国及我省的开展,本文简要介绍一些有关的基础生理生化知识。
Rape is one of the most important oil crops in China. In recent years, the total output has risen sharply. However, the traditional cultivated varieties of rape are not suitable for the export needs of international trade due to the high content of erucic acid in vegetable oil and poor edible quality. Of glucosinolates (glucosinolates) content, can not be used as feed; resulting in the country to farmers after the purchase of rapeseed losses, the more the more losses to buy more; improve the quality of rapeseed has become a top priority. In order to cooperate with the breeding, introduction and popularization of rape’s “double zero” or “double low” (no or low erucic acid, no or low glucosinolate) in our country and our province, this article briefly introduces some basic physiological and biochemical knowledge.