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目的:评价影响儿童铅水平的主要危险因素。方法:对检索并纳入的20篇报道影响儿童铅水平的主要因素的文献进行M eta分析;进行一致性检验;计算合并的OR值及OR值的95%可信区间(95%CI);对OR值进行显著性检验,由此作出统计推断。结果:性别、父母职业、常吃含铅食品、常咬铅笔及文具、餐前没有洗手的卫生习惯、频繁的手-口动作、住房周围环境、住房楼龄及楼层、居室新装修、儿童被动吸烟等12项因素是引起儿童体内铅水平增高的危险因素。结论:污染的生活环境、不良的卫生习惯和饮食习惯是儿童摄入铅的主要途径。
Objective: To evaluate the main risk factors affecting children’s lead levels. METHODS: Twenty reported and included reports of the major factors influencing lead levels in children were analyzed by M eta; consistency tests were performed; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for combined OR values and ORs; OR value significant test, thus making statistical inference. Results: Sex, parental occupation, eating lead foods, bites of pencils and stationery, no hygienic habits of washing hands before meal, frequent hand-mouth movements, housing environment, housing age and floor, newly renovated rooms, passive children Smoking and other 12 factors are the risk factors for lead levels in children. Conclusion: Polluted living environment, poor hygiene habits and eating habits are the main ways for children to take lead.