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小涎腺系简单的小管泡腺,其腺泡主要分泌粘液,偶而分泌浆液。小涎腺位于口腔、鼻和鼻窦、咽、喉以及气管支气管粘膜下。它们的分泌物覆盖、润滑和保护上皮,清除呼吸道内的外来微粒以及对热和水蒸气的交换使与吸入空气相平衡。在口腔小涎腺分泌大量唾液,湿润、保护粘膜,促进味觉、吞咽和防龋。它们对上呼吸道和上消化道的生理功能起重要作用。小涎腺的恶性肿瘤以其高度恶性和侵袭性为特征,预后不良,需采取严峻的治疗措施。一般是用手术和放疗的综合疗法。【细胞类型】腺样囊性癌:为最常见类型,占所有小涎腺肿瘤的1/3以上,约占恶性小涎腺瘤的50%。本病为中度恶性,但其局部侵袭性成为治疗的特殊问题。面骨和颅底骨的直接浸润常见。局部复发
Small parotid glands are simple tubular vesicles, and their acini mainly secrete mucus, occasionally secreting serum. The parotid glands are located under the oral cavity, nose and sinuses, pharynx, larynx, and tracheobronchial mucosa. Their secretions cover, lubricate and protect the epithelium, remove foreign particles from the respiratory tract, and exchange heat and water vapor to balance the inhaled air. In the oral parotid gland, it secretes a large amount of saliva, which moistens, protects the mucous membranes, promotes taste, swallows, and prevents warts. They play an important role in the physiological functions of the upper respiratory tract and upper gastrointestinal tract. Malignant tumors of the small parotid glands are characterized by their high degree of malignancy and invasiveness, and have a poor prognosis, requiring severe treatment measures. It is generally a combination of surgery and radiation therapy. [Cell Type] Adenoid cystic carcinoma: The most common type, accounting for more than 1/3 of all small salivary gland tumors, accounting for about 50% of malignant small salivary adenomas. The disease is moderately malignant, but its local invasiveness has become a special problem of treatment. Direct infiltration of facial and skull base bones is common. Local recurrence