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汶川大地震使震区周围的山体出现大量崩塌、滑坡,为泥石流灾害发育提供了丰富的固体物源.一旦降雨条件适宜,很容易形成山洪泥石流.山洪泥石流来流量大,结构较强,与主河汇流时,难以被主河水流及时冲刷,在汇流区大量堆积,从而引发一系列的灾害.本文在前人的研究成果和相关资料的基础上,对交汇区泥石流与主河水流间的相互作用关系进行了合理简化,采用处理对流项有较好计算稳定性的有限元特征分裂算法,建立了与主河汇流的泥石流堆积数学模型.运用本文模型,再现了文家沟特大山洪泥石流在绵远河的堆积过程,分析了泥石流堆积对主河流路、水深、流速分布等的影响.采用实测堆积地形对计算成果进行了验证,结果表明,本文模型计算泥石流堆积范围,堆积厚度分布,在规律上与实测地形基本一致最后,文章对模型未来改进方向进行了探讨.
The Wenchuan earthquake caused a large number of landslides and landslides around the earthquake zone, which provided rich solid source for the development of debris flow disaster.If the rainfall conditions are suitable, it is easy to form the flash flood.The flash flood flow is large and the structure is strong, River confluence, it is difficult to be washed by the main river water in a timely manner, a large number of accumulation in the confluence area, which led to a series of disasters.In this paper, based on previous research results and relevant information, the inter-area debris flow and the main river flow mutual The relationship between them is reasonably simplified, and the finite element feature splitting algorithm, which deals with the computational stability of convection term, is adopted to establish the mathematic model of debris flow confluence with the main river.Using this model, The influence of debris flow accumulation on the main channel, water depth and velocity distribution was analyzed.The calculated results were verified by the measured landform.The results show that this model calculates the debris flow accumulation area, the accumulation thickness distribution, And the measured terrain is basically the same Finally, the article discusses the direction of the model to improve the future.