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近代中国地方视学制度虽源于欧美、日本,但“省视学”的职权范围不仅超出了对教育的内在事项(教学内容、教学方法)进行指导、监督的一般定义,扩大到教育的外在事项(校舍、校具、学校财政),而且有权检查各地学务管理机构的设置及人员配备、各地办学经费收支等等。特别是“省视学”兼及人事权,对于不称职的教员、学堂管理员甚至劝学所总董(县视学),可商由提学使即行撤换。这一方面反映了此制度建立伊始,对职能、权限的界定模糊;另一方面也符合清朝试图通过地方“视学”以加强中央对地方教育控制之本来目的。
In modern China, the local system of optometry originated in Europe, America and Japan. However, the terms of reference of the provincial inspectors not only go beyond the general definition of guiding and supervising the internal affairs of education (teaching contents and teaching methods) External affairs (school buildings, school tools, school finance), and the right to examine the establishment of academic management agencies and staffing around the school funding income and so on. In particular, the “Provincial School of Vision” and the personnel rights, for incompetent teachers, school administrators and even advised the school director (County as the school), can be offered by the school to make immediate replacement. On the one hand, it reflects the beginning of the establishment of this system and the vague definition of its functions and powers; on the other hand, it also accords with the original purpose of the Qing government trying to pass local “inspection” to strengthen the central control over local education.