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[目的]了解某电镀厂镀铬车间空气中低剂量铬暴露工人铬鼻病的发病情况,为有效控制职业性铬鼻病的发生提供基础资料。[方法]对该工厂镀铬车间90名铬作业工人(暴露组)和84名其他岗位工人(对照组)进行职业健康检查,并收集近年该车间不同地点空气中铬合物质量浓度(后简称“浓度”)测定结果。[结果]镀铬车间空气中铬合物浓度<0.013 mg/m~3,低于国家规定的车间空气中铬酸盐的最高容许浓度(0.05 mg/m~3)。健康检查发现暴露组与对照组部分阳性体征(鼻中隔黏膜糜烂、鼻黏膜充血、鼻中隔黏膜溃疡)比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);铬鼻病的患病人数分别为17人和0人,患病率(分别为18.9%、0.0%)差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);铬作业工龄<10年和≥10年两个工龄组铬鼻病的患病率分别为7.3%和28.6%,患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),≥10年工龄者患病率较高。[结论]铬作业工人长期接触低浓度铬合物仍可能发生铬鼻病,应积极采取防护措施,以确保劳动者的健康。
[Objective] To understand the incidence of chrome rhinopathy among low-chromium exposure workers in the air of chrome plating workshop in a certain electroplating factory and provide the basic information for effectively controlling the occurrence of occupational chromic rhinopathy. [Methods] Ninety chromium workers (exposed group) and 84 other workers (control group) in the chrome workshop of the factory were inspected for their occupational health and the concentration of chromium in the air in different locations in the workshop in recent years (hereinafter referred to as “Concentration”) measurement results. [Result] The chromium concentration in the chrome workshop was less than 0.013 mg / m ~ 3, which was lower than the maximum allowable concentration of chromates in the air of the workshop (0.05 mg / m ~ 3). Health examination revealed that there were significant differences in some positive signs (mucosal erosion of nasal septum, congestion of nasal mucosa, mucosal ulcer of nasal septum) between the exposed group and the control group (P <0.05); the number of patients with chrome rhinopathy was 17 and 0 , Respectively (P <0.01). The prevalence rates of cholelithiasis in two working age groups with chromate working life <10 years and ≥ 10 years were 7.3% and 28.6%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05), the prevalence of ≥ 10 years of service was higher. [Conclusion] Chromium rhinopathy may still occur in chrome workers exposed to low concentrations of chrome compounds for a long time. Protective measures should be taken actively to ensure the health of workers.