介绍了糖脂类生物表面活性剂的种类、理化特性、微生物合成的方法及应用和发展趋势。相对于化学合成的表面活性剂,微生物糖脂具有可生物降解、在高温或极端pH环境下仍然有效和无毒或低毒等优点,有些微生物糖脂还表现出高效的抗菌、防霉和抗病毒特性。但目前通过微生物合成糖脂的生产成本仍比化学合成的高,因此降低其生产成本是当前研究开发的热点和主要发展方向。 The types, physical and chemical characteristics, methods, applications and trends of glycolipid biosurfactants are introduced. Compared to chemically synthesized surfactants, microbial glycolipids have the advantages of being biodegradable, still effective at high temperature or extreme pH, and being non-toxic or of low toxicity. Some microbial glycolipids also exhibit high levels of antibacterial, anti-mold and anti- Virus characteristics. However, at present, the production cost of glycolipid by microbial synthesis is still higher than that of chemical synthesis, so reducing its production cost is a hot spot and the main development direction of current research and development.