实际工业过程中的对象大都属于分布参数系统,控制现场主要采用比例-积分-微分(PID)控制方法。该文将基于遗传算法的PID控制器优化设计方法(简称GAOPT方法)应用到一类分布参数对象上,设计了最优控制器,并与几种基于常规整定公式的控制器进行比较。仿真结果表明,GAOPT方法设计的PID控制器,可以利用较小的控制能量,获得在超调量、调节时间和时间乘绝对误差积分(ITAE)等指标上都较优的控制效果。将GAOPT方法应用到分布参数系统上,可以提高现有工业中PID控制器的控制水平。 Most of the objects in the actual industrial process belong to the distributed parameter system. The control site mainly adopts the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control method. In this paper, the genetic algorithm-based PID controller optimization design method (GAOPT method) is applied to a class of distributed parameter objects, the optimal controller is designed and compared with several controllers based on the conventional tuning formula. The simulation results show that the PID controller designed by the GAOPT method can obtain better control effect on overshoot, adjustment time and absolute error integral (ITAE) by using smaller control energy. Applying the GAOPT method to distributed parameter systems can improve the level of control of PID controllers in existing industries.