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埃博拉病毒是丝状病毒科的成员,由它所引起的埃博拉出血热是一种人兽共患的烈性传染病,自1976年以来已引发多起疫情,病死率可高达90%,因此该病毒被列为生物安全四级病毒。此次疫情主要集中于非洲西部,包括几内亚、利比里亚、尼日利亚、塞内加尔和塞拉利昂等国家,是有史以来规模最大、最严重、最复杂的一次埃博拉疫情。本文着重介绍了埃博拉病毒的一般生物学特征和埃博拉出血热的致病机制、临床表现、诊断治疗及流行病学特点,有助于深入了解埃博拉病毒及埃博拉出血热。
The Ebola virus is a member of the Filariaceae family. The Ebola haemorrhagic fever caused by it is a zoonotic infectious disease that has caused multiple outbreaks since 1976, with a mortality rate of up to 90% , So the virus is listed as a biosafety level four virus. The outbreak is mainly concentrated in western Africa, including Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone. It is the largest, most serious and the most complicated Ebola outbreak ever. This article highlights the general biological characteristics of Ebola and the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and epidemiology of Ebola haemorrhagic fever, which will help to understand more about Ebola virus and Ebola haemorrhagic fever .