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目的探究江苏省昆山市1981 2014年全死因死亡率、平均期望寿命时间趋势及主要死因构成,为卫生部门循证决策提供依据。方法历年全死因死亡病例来源于全死因监测,计算分性别的全死因死亡率和平均期望寿命,使用2000年全国人口普查年龄构成为标准计算年龄标化死亡率;使用年度变化百分比(APC)评价各个指标在年份之间变化趋势。结果男女合计人群中全死因年龄标化死亡率由1981年的726.26/10万下降到2014年的258.40/10万(APC=-3.33%,95%CI:-3.54%~-3.12%);男性人群中由1981年的830.16/10万下降到2014年的289.30/10万(APC=-3.44%,95%CI:-3.68%~-3.20%);女性人群中由1981年的654.63/10万下降到2014年的226.40/10万(APC=-3.38%,95%CI:-3.60%~-3.16%)。男女合计人群平均期望寿命由1981年的69.67岁上升到2014年的82.26岁(APC=0.57%,95%CI:0.53%~0.61%)。恶性肿瘤(30.33%)、脑血管病(17.22%)、心血管病(9.09%)、呼吸系统疾病(15.30%)及损伤和中毒(8.08%)是当前影响居民死亡的主要原因。结论昆山市1981 2014年全死因死亡率逐渐下降,平均期望寿命逐步提升,但恶性肿瘤、循环与呼吸系统疾病以及损伤与中毒仍是当前影响居民健康的主要原因。
Objective To investigate the death rate of all causes of death, the trend of the average life expectancy and the composition of the main causes of death in Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province in 1981 and provide basis for evidence-based decision-making in the health sector. Methods All-cause deaths over the calendar year were derived from all-cause surveillance, and all-cause mortality and mean life expectancy were calculated by sex. Age-standardized mortality was calculated using the age-specific national population census for 2000 as a standard; using annual percentage change (APC) The trend of each indicator varies from year to year. Results The age-standardized mortality rate of all causes of death in men and women in total population decreased from 726.26 / 100 000 in 1981 to 258.40 / 100 000 in 2014 (APC = -3.33%, 95% CI: -3.54% -3.12%); The population dropped from 830.16 / 100,000 in 1981 to 289.30 / 100,000 in 2014 (APC = -3.44%, 95% CI: -3.68% -3.20%); among the female population, 654.63 / 100,000 in 1981 To 226.40 / 100,000 in 2014 (APC = -3.38%, 95% CI: -3.60% ~ -3.16%). The average life expectancy of men and women in total population increased from 69.67 years in 1981 to 82.26 years in 2014 (APC = 0.57%, 95% CI: 0.53% -0.61%). Malignant tumors (30.33%), cerebrovascular diseases (17.22%), cardiovascular diseases (9.09%), respiratory diseases (15.30%) and injuries and poisoning (8.08%) are the main causes of death currently affecting residents. Conclusion The death rate of all-cause mortality in Kunshan City decreased gradually from 1981 to 2014, and the average life expectancy increased gradually. However, malignant tumors, circulatory and respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning are still the main causes of residents’ health.