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艺术的真实是通过虚构来实现的,虚构不是历史上发生过的。观众不会为看戏而预先去了解一个久远的时代,更不可能去对某个剧目作史学考评,戏后也不会补上这一课。在一般观众眼里,历史不过是一些社会常识,是一些流传的故事,与史实出入很大,他们将这些常识,再加上现实的日常生活、人情世故、社会道德、伦理准则、传统观念,等等,与舞台上的戏比合观之。这是观众非常普遍的“历史”观念。如果虚构能达到这个水准,为观众所熟悉,观众就会感到可亲、可信,剧作就会获得普遍认同,艺术的真实因此得以实现。
The truth of art is achieved through fiction, and fiction is not what has happened in history. The audience will not know in advance for the theater a long time ago, even less likely to make a historical assessment of a play, the show will not make up this lesson. In the eyes of the general audience, history is nothing more than some common sense of society, some circulating stories, and a great deal of historical facts. They combine this common sense with real life, worldly circumstances, social morals, ethical norms, traditional concepts, etc. And so on, compared with the theater scene on the match. This is a very popular view of the “history” of the audience. If the fiction can reach this level, familiar to the audience, the audience will feel amiable, credible, drama will be generally recognized, the real art thus achieved.