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在生产力高度发展的同时,现代社会存在严重的分配不公,这是产生贫富差距的重要原因。马克思从政治哲学角度历史地考察了资本主义生产过程,揭示了剩余价值的秘密,即资本家无偿占有了工人的剩余劳动时间。除睡眠、饮食等基本生活时间外,社会必要劳动时间和剩余劳动时间几乎占据了工人时间的全部,这意味着资本主义生产流程中的工人不具备获得自由时间的条件,他们以生命为代价换取基本的生活资料,马克思从人学角度指出,分配正义仅仅是充满政治激情的伦理谴责,无产阶级要获得自由与全面发展的条件,必须在人类解放的过程中赢得自由时间。
At the same time that productive forces are highly developed, there are serious inequalities in distribution in modern society. This is an important reason for the disparity between the rich and the poor. Marx historically inspected the process of capitalist production from the perspective of political philosophy, revealing the secret of surplus value, that is, the capitalist occupied the worker’s surplus labor time without compensation. Except for basic life such as sleep and diet, the socially necessary working time and surplus labor time occupy almost all of the workers’ time, which means that workers in capitalist production processes do not have the conditions to obtain free time and they are paid at the expense of their life According to the basic living materials, Marx pointed out from the perspective of human studies that the distribution of justice is only an ethical condemnation full of political passion. To obtain the conditions for freedom and all-round development, Marx must win free time in the process of human liberation.