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1.云杉球果銹病(Thekopsora aerolata Fr.Magn.)为云杉林木球果重要病害。在四川小金川流域普遍为害着。为害云杉属之粗云杉(P.asperata)和紫果云杉(P.purpurea)。云杉林分感染率粗云杉为64.5%,紫果云杉为30.7%。在云杉立木上球果感染率,粗云杉占27.1%,紫果云杉占7.4%。2.云杉球果銹病特征是在鱗片上出現許多銹孢子器,鳞片外张,故病果在长度和寬度上均較健果为大。严重感病的球果以正面鳞片上銹孢子器为多,其他等級的球果,却以反面鳞片上銹孢子器为多。3.云杉球果銹病出現前存在潛隐阶段,粗云杉在8月中旬、紫果云杉在8月下旬病果已有出現,直至9月下旬达到最高峯。4.在各云杉林地类型中,以河滩——云杉林发病率最高。云杉立木类別中,以林綠木、孤立木球果锈病最多。在山之中部,海拔3,210—3,400米內,球果感染率最大。同时,西坡和西南坡中感病严重。5.云杉林木发育級中,Ⅲ級木球果銹病最多,Ⅱ級木次之,Ⅰ級木更次之。发病率与年龄关系,表現在Ⅸ龄級(粗云杉)和Ⅹ龄級,Ⅶ龄級(紫果云杉)达到最高峯。6.立木树冠方向上,紫果云杉球果感染率次序为西—南—东—北。在树冠上部較中部和下部感病为多。7.粗云杉較紫果云杉抗病力为弱。8.云杉球果銹病为害性表現在以下几方面:(1) 影响云杉更新,(2) 影响云杉种子貭量:一感病球果提早枯裂,二病果种子发芽率降低,三种子产量減少,重量降低。9.初步防治意見:(1) 勿采病果,(2) 烧燬病果,(3) 改变森林环境条件,(4) 砍除稠李。10.存在問題:进一步探討轉株寄主对病害发生关系、病菌生活史以及发病規律性。
1. Spruce coniferous rust (Thekopsora aerolata Fr. Magnus) is an important disease spruce coniferous. In Sichuan Xiaojinchuan basin is generally harmful. Damage to Picea species of P. spruce (P.asperata) and purple spruce (P.purpurea). Spruce forest infection rate of 64.5% thick spruce, purple spruce was 30.7%. Spruce stand on the Cone infection rate, coarse spruce accounted for 27.1%, purple fruit spruce accounted for 7.4%. 2. Spruce cones Rust is characterized by many rust spores on the scales, scales outside the Zhang, so the fruit in length and width are healthier than large. Severe susceptible cones on the positive scales on the rust spore for the other grades of cones, but on the negative scales on the rust spores more. 3. Spruce cones rust before the emergence of latent stage, rough spruce in mid-August, purple fruit spruce in late August has been the fruit, until the peak in late September. 4. Among the types of spruce forest, the highest incidence was river bank-spruce forest. In the spruce grove category, with forest-green wood, the largest is wood-rust rust. In the central part of the mountain, conchocular infection is the highest at 3,210-3,400 meters above sea level. At the same time, the West Slope and Southwest Slope in a serious illness. In the spruce tree development level, the grade Ⅲ kombucha rust was the most, followed by the gradeⅡwood, and the gradeⅠwood was the second. The incidence and age, manifested in the Ⅸ age class (rough spruce) and x-age class, Ⅶ age class (purple spruce) reached its peak. 6. In the direction of standing tree crown, the infection rate of spruce cones in the order was west-south-east-north. The upper part of the canopy is more susceptible than the middle and lower parts. 7. Rough spruce pomegranate disease resistance is weak. 8. Spruce cones rust damage in the following areas: (1) affect the spruce regeneration, (2) affect the spruce seed weighs: a susceptible early cracking of bilobal disease, two disease fruit seed germination rate decreased, Three seeds yield reduced weight. 9 preliminary prevention and treatment advice: (1) do not adopt sick fruit, (2) burned fruit, (3) change the environmental conditions of the forest, (4) cut off thick plum. 10. Existing problems: to further explore the host strain on the relationship between the disease, the life history of bacteria and the incidence of regularity.