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目的了解艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染者/艾滋病(AIDS)病人(PLWHA)的营养状况,以及相关知识、态度、行为(KAP)现况,为进一步干预提供基线资料。方法 2012年3月至2013年5月,在上海市金山区随访管理的PLWHA中,选择知情同意者进行营养调查,并将其分成“HIV感染者组”(37例)和“AIDS病人组”(36例),观察不同疾病进程组间的差异。结果共调查73例PLWHA,其能量及营养素未达到参考摄入量的比例在1.37%~91.78%之间,以微量营养素摄入不足更为显著。腰臀比偏高和体内脂肪含量偏高比例分别为15.07%和20.55%;血清检测指标偏低比例在4.11%~38.36%,以锌、硒偏低更为明显;营养知识知晓率普遍低于50.0%,“不注重营养”者占72.60%,全部对象均愿意接受营养干预。AIDS病人组和HIV感染者组比较,仅“不注意营养”的比例前者(86.11%)显著高于后者(59.46%,χ2=6.52,P<0.05)。结论调查对象营养状况与知识水平不容乐观。不同疾病进程组间结果差异不明显,进一步研究可考虑加大样本量并注重疾病进程以外因素的作用,以实施更全面、有效的营养干预。
Objective To understand the nutritional status of PLWHA and related knowledge, attitude and behavior (KAP) status and to provide baseline information for further intervention. Methods From March 2012 to May 2013, PLWHA patients who were followed up in Jinshan District of Shanghai were enrolled. Nutritional inquiries were selected by informed consent and divided into “HIV-infected group” (37 cases) and “AIDS Patient group ”(36 cases) to observe the differences between the different disease progression groups. Results A total of 73 cases of PLWHA were investigated. The percentage of their energy and nutrients that did not reach the reference intake ranged from 1.37% to 91.78%. The deficient intake of micronutrients was even more significant. Low waist-to-hip ratio and high body fat content were 15.07% and 20.55%, respectively. The serum undetected indicators were in the range of 4.11% -38.36%, with zinc and selenium as the lowest ones. The awareness rate of nutritional knowledge was generally lower than 50.0%, “do not pay attention to nutrition ” accounted for 72.60%, all subjects are willing to accept nutritional intervention. The former (86.11%) was significantly higher than the latter (59.46%, χ2 = 6.52, P <0.05), compared with the HIV-infected group. Conclusion The nutritional status and knowledge level of the surveyed subjects are not optimistic. The results of different disease groups were not significantly different between the results, further research may consider increasing the sample size and focus on the role of factors other than the disease process in order to implement a more comprehensive and effective nutritional intervention.