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本文认为农民工问题产生的原因是多方面的,过去的财政承包制及分税制对调动地方发展积极性,促进财政经济快速持续增长起了关键性的作用;问题是仍然沿用按财政供养人口计算地方财力的方法,这在地区差距拉大、势必加大财政转移支付的新形势下,也相应带来“劳动承接、户籍拒绝”的地方利益的刚性,从而对解决农民工问题形成某种体制性障碍。本文主张改进计算地方财力的传统做法,依照国际惯例以常住(户籍)人口为基准计算地方财力,并配套对财政纵向转移支付辅之以泛珠三角、泛长三角和大环渤海三大区域财政横向转移支付措施,通过协调地方财政利益关系以形成统一市场,从而化解农民工及“三农”问题。
This paper argues that migrant workers’ problems arise in many ways. In the past, the fiscal contract-sharing system and tax-sharing system played a key role in mobilizing the enthusiasm of local development and promoting the rapid and sustained growth of the financial economy. The problem was that the local financial resources This will bring a certain degree of institutional rigidity to the local interests of “labor undertaking and household denial” under the new situation that the regional disparities are widening and the fiscal transfer payments are bound to be increased. Sexual disorders. This article advocates improving the traditional method of calculating local financial resources, calculating local financial resources based on international conventions on the basis of permanent residents (household registrations), and matching the fiscal vertical transfer payment with the financial support from the Pan-Pearl River Delta, Pan-Yangtze River Delta and the Bohai Rim Transfers payment laterally to solve the problems of peasant workers and “agriculture, rural areas and farmers” through the formation of a unified market by coordinating local fiscal interests.