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目的研究青少年吸烟的危险因素及其对吸烟的影响。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,从武汉市3个城区中抽取普通和职业高中的高一和高二学生共1 168人,1 077人完成了调查问卷。采用探索性因子分析和路径分析方法进行分析。结果过去30 d的吸烟率为10.3%,其中男生为21.0%,女生为1.8%,30 d平均吸烟量为91.3支。结果显示,影响青少年吸烟量的直接因素有4个:饮酒、社会规范、初始吸烟年龄和吸烟朋友数,其他因素都是通过这几个因素间接影响青少年吸烟量。影响吸烟的前4位因素标准回归系数估计值为饮酒(0.354 3)、朋友吸烟(0.305 0)、性别(0.182 0)、多动(0.127 5)。结论今后干预措施应着重考虑预防青少年饮酒、减少吸烟朋友数以及改变青少年对吸烟社会规范的认识,重点人群为男生和具有多动特质的儿童。
Objective To study the risk factors of smoking in adolescents and their effects on smoking. Methods By stratified stratified random cluster sampling method, 1 168 senior and sophomore students from general and vocational senior high schools were drawn from 3 urban districts in Wuhan, and 1 077 people completed the questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis and path analysis methods were used for analysis. Results The prevalence of smoking in the past 30 days was 10.3%, of which 21.0% were for boys and 1.8% for girls, with an average of 91.3 cigarettes after 30 days. The results show that there are four direct factors affecting the amount of smoking in adolescents: alcohol consumption, social norms, initial smoking age and number of smokers. Other factors indirectly affect teenage smoking by these factors. The estimated standard regression coefficients of the top 4 factors affecting smoking were alcohol consumption (0.354 3), friend smoking (0.305 0), sex (0.182 0), hyperactivity (0.127 5). Conclusions In the future, interventions should focus on prevention of alcohol abuse among adolescents, reducing the number of smokers and changing teenagers’ awareness of smoking social norms. The key groups are boys and children with hyperactivity.