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采用湘西地区的石煤钒矿为研究对象,石煤中+3,+4,+5价钒分布分别为75.67%,17.85%和6.48%,硅酸盐含量较高,属高硅石煤矿。在传统直接酸浸工艺的基础上,添加少量氧化剂二氧化锰,考察了二氧化锰的用量、液固比、浸出温度、浸出时间、硫酸体积浓度等因素对钒浸出率的影响。单因素实验和正交试验结果表明:加入少量二氧化锰能协同H+破坏石煤结构,大大提高石煤中钒的浸出率;在二氧化锰用量为2%、液固比为1∶1、浸出时间为13 h、硫酸体积浓度为25%和浸出温度为95℃的条件下,钒浸出率达到97.2%,其中硫酸体积浓度对石煤湿法提钒影响最大。和直接酸浸工艺相比,钒的浸出率提高40%以上;与传统的钠化焙烧工艺相比,钒的浸出率提高40%以上,完全消除了焙烧过程中所产生的烟气污染;本实验采用氧化酸浸提钒技术,不经焙烧过程,不产生烟气污染,节约能源,且能大幅度提高钒的浸出率,实现资源的充分利用,具有较好的应用前景。
Using the stone coal vanadium mine in western Hunan as the research object, the distribution of +3, +4, +5 vanadium in the stone coal is 75.67%, 17.85% and 6.48% respectively, and the silicate content is high, which belongs to the high silica coal mine. Based on the traditional direct acid leaching process, a small amount of oxidant manganese dioxide was added. The effects of manganese dioxide dosage, liquid-solid ratio, leaching temperature, leaching time and volume concentration of sulfuric acid on the leaching rate of vanadium were investigated. The results of single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment show that adding a small amount of manganese dioxide can synergize with H + to destroy stone coal structure and greatly increase the leaching rate of vanadium in stone coal. When manganese dioxide content is 2%, liquid-solid ratio is 1: 1, Leaching time of 13 h, sulfuric acid concentration of 25% and leaching temperature of 95 ℃, vanadium leaching rate of 97.2%, of which the concentration of sulfuric acid on the vanadium extraction of vanadium most affected. Compared with the direct acid leaching process, the leaching rate of vanadium is increased by more than 40%. Compared with the traditional sodium roasting process, the leaching rate of vanadium is increased by more than 40%, completely eliminating the flue gas pollution generated during the roasting process. In the experiment, the technology of extracting vanadium by oxidizing acid was adopted. Without the roasting process, no flue gas pollution was generated, energy was saved, the leaching rate of vanadium was greatly increased, and the full utilization of resources was achieved.