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美国军舰擅自进入中国西沙领海航行,不仅危及航行安全,而且违反国际法和中国法律,损害了领海无害通过制度。领海无害通过制度,不仅涉及领海制度、国际海峡通过制度,也关联领海通过的要件与无害通过要件之间的关系,更涉及针对领海内军舰无害通过的认定标准的“结合说”和“分离说”。军舰在领海内的无害通过制度是一个在理论和实践上颇有争议的问题。军舰在领海内的无害通过的争议焦点为:其是必须事先通知沿海国或得到沿海国的事先许可,还是可以自由航行。中国应在坚持领海无害通过制度“事先同意论”观点的基础上,依据《联合国海洋法公约》赋予沿海国制定外国船舶无害通过领海的法律和规章的职权,进一步修订完善与领海有关的国内法律制度,体现国家在领海内的立法、执法和司法管辖权,确保中国在领海内的主权、安全和海洋权益。
The unauthorized entry of the U.S. warship into the territorial waters of the Xisha China not only endangered navigational safety but also violated international law and Chinese law and undermined the innocent passage of the territorial sea. Territorial waters harmless adoption of the system, not only related to the territorial waters system, the international passage through the system, but also related to the territorial waters passed the elements and the relationship between elements of innocent passage, but also relates to the territorial waters warships to pass the agreed standards “And” separate “”. The innocent passage of warships within the territorial sea is a controversial issue both in theory and in practice. The focus of the dispute on the innocent passage of a warship within territorial waters is whether it requires prior notification to the coastal State or to the coastal State of prior permission or freedom of navigation. China should make further improvements to its territorial waters based on the principle of “system of prior consent” and “the prior consent of the United States” and based on the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, to give coastal States the power to make laws and regulations concerning the innocent passage of foreign ships through the territorial sea. The relevant domestic legal system embodies the state’s legislation, law enforcement and jurisdiction over the territorial sea and ensures China’s sovereignty, security and maritime rights and interests within its territorial waters.