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[目的]研究尘肺患者的生存情况并进行死因分析。[方法]追踪观察386名已经被诊断为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的尘肺患者,记录死亡的137名尘肺患者的死亡时间,死因和尘肺的期别。用K-M法进行生存分析。[结果]已确诊为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期的137名尘肺患者的生存时间分别为29.3年、27.3年、14.0年,Ⅰ、Ⅱ与Ⅲ比较,差别非常显著(P<0.001);与Ⅰ期相比,Ⅱ期患者的危险度为1.03倍(95％CI,0.77.1.36),Ⅲ期患者的危险度为1.57倍(95％CI1.09-2.16);冬季死亡63例,其次是春季40例,共103例,占75.1％;死因分别为肺炎37例(27.0％),肺结核21例(15.3％),非特异性肺感染7例(5.1％),肺癌22例(16.1％),其他癌症10例(7.3％),脑血管意外和其他病因12例(8.8％);386名尘肺患者并发肺结核占14.3％,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ期矽肺患者中,分别有10.0％、20.2％、32.4％合并肺结核。[结论]冬春两季是尘肺患者死亡较多的季节;尘肺期别越高,生存时间越短;肺炎、肺结核、肺癌是尘肺患者的主要死因。
[Objective] To investigate the survival of patients with pneumoconiosis and analyze the cause of death. [Methods] 386 pneumoconiosis patients who had been diagnosed as stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were followed up and the death time, cause of death and pneumoconiosis stage were recorded in 137 pneumoconiosis patients. Survival analysis with K-M method. [Results] The survival time of 137 pneumoconiosis patients who were diagnosed as stage Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 29.3 years, 27.3 years and 14.0 years respectively. There was a significant difference between Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P <0.001) (95% CI, 0.77.1.36). The risk for stage III patients was 1.57 folds (95% CI, 1.09-2.16). There were 63 deaths in winter, followed by 40 Among them, there were 103 cases, accounting for 75.1%. The causes of death were 37 cases (27.0%) of pneumonia, 21 cases (15.3%) of tuberculosis, 7 cases of nonspecific lung infection (5.1%), 22 cases of lung cancer (16.1% 10 cases (7.3%), cerebrovascular accident and other etiologies in 12 cases (8.8%); 386 pneumoconiosis patients complicated with pulmonary tuberculosis accounted for 14.3%, in stage I, II and III silicosis patients were 10.0%, 20.2%, 32.4 % Combined tuberculosis. [Conclusion] The winter and spring seasons were the season in which pneumoconiosis patients died more. The higher the pneumoconiosis stage, the shorter the survival time. The pneumoconiosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and lung cancer were the main causes of pneumoconiosis.