目的研究内皮素（ＥＴ）和一氧化氮（ＮＯ）在慢性肾功能不全（ＣＲＩ）患者中的变化。方法检测８７例ＣＲＩ患者血中ＥＴ、ＮＯ水平，并与３０例正常人进行对比。结果ＣＲＩ患者血中ＥＴ和ＮＯ明显高于正常人（Ｐ＜０．０１），其中血液透析（ＨＤ）组ＥＴ和ＮＯ明显高于非透析组（Ｐ＜０．０５或０．０１），ＨＤ后ＥＴ和ＮＯ明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）。ＣＲＩ非透析组ＥＴ和ＮＯ两者自身和血清肌酐均呈正相关。结论ＣＲＩ患者ＥＴ和ＮＯ升高与肾功能损害有关。 Objective To investigate the changes of endothelin (ET) and nitric oxide (NO) in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). Methods The blood levels of ET and NO in 87 patients with CRI were measured and compared with 30 normal controls. Results The levels of ET and NO in CRI patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls (P <0.01). The levels of ET and NO in hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than those in non-dialysis patients (P <0.05 or 0.01) After ET and NO decreased significantly (P <0.01). There was a positive correlation between ET and NO both in CRI non-dialysis group and serum creatinine. Conclusions Elevated ET and NO in CRI patients are associated with impaired renal function.