语境 情感——记叙文体的完形填空解题的突破口

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  记叙文,它记人叙事,具有故事性强,有情节,内容多样,在叙事的同时可更多表达人物内心活动及情感世界等特性。因其具备一定的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而能体现出高考考查学生的语篇理解能力和英语基本知识的运用能力。所以,近年来的全国各地高考试卷中完形填空的文章体裁几乎都是记叙文文体。(江苏也不例外)。
  我们都知道,记叙文的写作有着六大要素,一般称之为6W,即who(人), what(事), when(时间), where(地点), why(原因), how(如何)。记叙文是以这6W展开记人叙事的,那么我们则完全可以利用这些要素来作为完形填空解题的突破口。
  一、 重视短文首句中的4W
  首句是了解文章全貌的窗口。记叙文文章的首句会交代4个W(who, what, when, where),即首先要交代文章中人物(主人公),所发生的事件,发生的时间,地点。而这些要素,为我们确定该短文通篇中动词所要用的时态等提供有力的证据。
  
  例1—1 (2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)
  【文章大意】 本文讲述了作者在医院所听到一位八十多岁的老人看病时的故事。这位老人他的妻子得了一种怪病,什么也记不得了,可是老人每天早晨都要准时去疗养院陪她吃早饭。作者很为感动,悟出了“The true love is acceptance of all that is.”。
  It was a busy morning, about 8:30, when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital. I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment(约会) at 9:30. 
  The nurse had him take a 36 in the waiting area, 37 him it would be at least 40 minutes  38  someone would be able to see him…
  
  36. 
  A. breath B. testC. seatD. break
  37. A. persuadingB. promising
  C. understandingD. telling
  38. A. ifB. beforeC. sinceD. after
  【简析】
  从短文首句中的was和8:30及hospital,可知事情发生的时间是早上,地点是一家医院,而人物则是一位80多岁的老人。从下文内容可知这位老人来到医院的目的是看病,并且他赶时间,因为他在9:30有一个约会。
  36. C 护士领着他来到候诊区waiting area就座。
  37. D 告诉他至少要等40分钟(分词短语作伴随状语)才会有医生来为他看病。
  38. B 句型:It will/would+一段时间+before+从句,由此引出了下文。
  
  例2—1 (2010年江苏卷)
  【文章大意】 本文讲述了一个继母对一个被视为坏孩子的作者的正面肯定和关爱,从而激发了孩子心中对成功的渴望。继母的信任、关爱和帮助,终于使作者成功了。
  Another person’s enthusiasm was what set me moving toward the success I have achieved. That person was my stepmother.
  I was nine years old when she enterd our home in rural Virginia. My father 36 me to her with these words: “I would like you to meet the fellow who is 37 for being the worst boy in this county and will probably start throwing rocks at you no 38 than tomorrow morning.”
  
  36. A. rushedB. sent
  C. carriedD. introduced
  37. A. distinguishedB. favored
  C. mistakenD. rewarded
  38. A. soonerB. laterC. longerD. earlier
  
  Remember that overnight success usually takes 15 years.
  
  【简析】
   文章的第一小段为引子,以唤起读者注意,并导出全文。第二小段的首句,交待了人物I, 时间nine years old,地点our home。
  36. D 作者九岁时继母来到他家,因此此处是父亲把作者介绍给继母。
  37. A “我”因“being the worst boy in this county”而闻名。
  38. B 父亲预测不迟于“tomorrow morning”,“我”会对继母“start throwing rocks”。
  
  
  二、 注重承载细节的语境
  考查语境是多年来高考英语完形填空题的最大特点。
  语言是用在一定的语言环境中交流的。那么特定的语言环境对于语言的交流有着极大的影响。在记叙文中, 故事所发生的why和how,人物之间的对话和冲突,也都是在特定的语境中发生的。因此, 语境是我们准确做题所必须要正视的细节。要注意空格前后的细节内容,全文的主旨大意,作者的写作背景、写作思路及意图。从整体上把握文章内容,弄清文章的结构和文章内在的逻辑关系。注意前后信息的暗示、呼应与一致,同时要认真比较所给选项,从中选出最符合语境的答案。
  
  例1—2 (2010年高考全国卷Ⅰ)
  I saw him 39 his watch and decided, since I was 40 busy—my patient didn’t 41 at the appointed hour, I would examine his wound. While taking care of his wound, I asked him if he had another doctor’s appointment. The gentleman said no and told me that he 42 to go to the nursing home to eat breakfast with his 43 . He told me that she had been 44 for a while and that she had a special disease. I asked if she would be 45 if he was a bit late. He replied that she 46 knew who he was, that she had not been able to 47 him for five years now. I was 48 , and asked him, “And you 49 go every morning, even though she doesn’t know who you are?”
  He smiled and said, “She doesn’t know me but I know who she is.” I had to hold back 50 as he left.
  39. A. taking offB. fixing
  C. looking atD. winding
  40. A. veryB. alsoC. seldomD. not
  41. A. turn upB. show off
  C. come onD. go away
  42. A. neededB. forgot
  C. agreedD. happened
  43. A. daughterB. wife
  C. motherD. sister
  44. A. lateB. wellC. aroundD. there
  45. A. lonelyB. worried
  C. doubtfulD. hungry
  46. A. so farB. neither
  C. no longerD. already
  47. A. recognizeB. answer
  C. believeD. expect
  48. A. movedB. disappointed
  C. surprisedD. satisfied
  49. A. onlyB. thenC. thusD. still
  50. A. curiosityB. tears
  C. wordsD. judgment
  
   让一切变得更加美好。
  
  【简析】
   这一部分为细节描写。 
  39. C 通过老人看手表算时间,以及上文“I heard him saying to the nurse that he was in a hurry for an appointment(约会)at 9:30可知,老人怕误了事。
  40. D 从my patient didn’t turn up at the appointed hour, 说明“我”不是很忙。
  41. A 因为“我”的预约病人没来,“我”就帮老人看病。turn up 露面,出现;show off炫耀;come on加油;go away走开。只有A 选项符合题意。
  42. A 老人告诉“我”他必须天天都去疗养院陪他妻子吃早餐。sb. need to do sth. 某人有必要做某事。
  43. B 由最后一段中的“marriages”可知,文章中所叙有个约会是每天约会妻子。
  44. D there指上文的“the nursing home”。
  45. B 因为老人说与妻子相约一起吃早饭,所以作者问去迟了她会不会着急。
  46. C 从上文 “she had a special disease得出,老人的妻子得了a special disease而认不出他了。
  47. A 从下文“She doesn’t know me but I know who she is.”可知应该选用 recognize(辨认)。
  48. C 从后面的问语可知,虽然老人的妻子已经无法认出他,而他每天都去看她,所以作者很惊讶。
  49. D 选用still “仍然”一词表明作者大为惊讶。
  50. B 老人的故事和最后一句话让作者深深感动。作者努力 hold back tears(抑制住泪水)。
  
  Leave everything better than you found it.
  
  例2—2 (2010年江苏卷)
  My stepmother walked over to me, 39 my head slightly upward,and looked me right in the eye. Then she looked at my father and replied, “You are 40 . This is not the worst boy at all, 41 the smartest one who hasn’t yet found an outlet(释放的途径)for his enthusiasm.”
  That statement began a(n) 42 between us. No one had ever called me smart. My family and neighbors had built me up in my 43 as a bad boy. My stepmother changed all that.
  She changed many things. She 44 my father to go to a dental school, from which he graduated with honors. She moved our family into the county seat, where my father’s career could be more 45 and my brother and I could be better 46 .
  When I turned fourteen,she bought me a secondhand 47 and told me that she believed that I could become a writer. I knew her enthusiasm, I  48  it, and I saw how it had alreadly improved our lives. I accepted her 49 and began to write for local newspapers. I was doing the same kind of 50 that great day I went to interview Andrew Carnegie and received the task which became my life’s work later. I wasn’t the  51  beneficiary(受益者). My father became the 52 man in town. My brother and stepbrthers became a physician, a dentist, a lawyer, and a college president.
  39. A. draggedB. shook
  C. raisedD. bent
  40. A. perfectB. right
  C. wrongD. impolite
  41. A. butB. soC. andD. or
  42. A. agreementB. friendship
  C. gapD. relationship
  43. A. opinionB. image
  C. espectationD. mind
  44. A. beggedB. persuaded
  C. orderedD. invited
  45. A. successfulB. meaningful
  C. helpfulD. useful
  46. A. treatedB. entertained
  C. educatedD. respected
  47. A. cameraB. radio
  C. bicycleD. typewriter
  48. A. consideredB. suspected
  C. ignoredD. appreciated
  49. A. beliefB. request
  C. criticismD. description
  50. A. teachingB. writing
  C. studyingD. reading
  51. A. nextB. sameC. onlyD. real
  52. A. cleverestB. wealthiest
  C. strongestD. healthiest
  【简析】
  39. C “微微地抬了一下我的头”,一种亲热的表现。因为宾语是head,所以其他选项均不可用。
  40. C stepmother的此番话语为下文做了铺垫。
  41. A not…but, 不是……而是。
  
   切记胜利者通常会做失败者不想做的事情。
  
  42. B 这句话开始了我们之间的友谊。在西方,父母与子女间关系为平等的友谊关系。
  43. D 在我心里我一直被认为是一个坏孩子。而后面的“My stepmother changed all that.”为下文做了铺垫,暗示一切都将变化。
  44. B 继母说服了我父亲去上一个牙科学校。 persuade 含有“成功地做了某事”之意。
  45. A 由句子的主语是my father’s career和下一个空格前的better可以推断为successful, “在那儿我父亲的事业将更加成功”。
  46. C “而在那,我们兄弟俩可以受到更好的教育”。
  47. D 从下文的writer可知“给我买了二手的打字机,让我开始写作”。
  48. D “我非常感激她的热情,因为我看到了她的这份热情是如何改善了我们的生活”。
  49. A 我接受了她的信念。accept 含有主观上乐于接受之意。
  50. B 上下文呼应。我从事写作,因此用writing。
  51. C 从下文的表述可知,我不是唯一的受益者。
  52. B 我爸爸成了我们镇上最富裕的人。
  
  三、 注意作者抒发的强烈情感
  记叙文除了记人叙事外,还通过其叙述的故事内容,流露出作者强烈的思想感情和表达出较强的教育意义。文章的结尾部分通常是作者抒发情感的地方。这些情感或从字里行间读出,或让读者阅后回味。领悟作者情感,受其感染,是文章的魅力所在。正如常言道:品味人生。
  
  例1—3
  Now I 51 that in marriages, true love is  52  of all that, The happiest people don’t 53 have the best of everything; they just 54 the best of everything they have. 55 isn’t about how to live through the storm, but how to dance in the rain.
  
  51. A. realizeB. suggest
  C. hopeD. prove
  52. A. agreementB. expression
  C. acceptanceD. exhibition
  53. A. necessarilyB. completely
  C. naturallyD. frequently
  54. A. learnB. makeC. favorD. try
  55. A. AdventureB. Beauty
  C. TrustD. Life
  【简析】
  51. A 用realize 一词表明是作者已经主观意识到。
  52. C 这句话是全文精华所在,作者的真实情感的流露。真爱就是对于所有一切的接受。本题点明了文章的主旨,老人不管妻子患病与否都始终不离不弃,所以是接受了一切,无论好坏。
  53. A 根据句子结构,此处需要填入副词necessarily。最幸福的人并不一定是一个拥有所有最好东西的人。
  54. B 短语 make the best of 意为“充分利用”, 他们充分利用了他们所拥有的东西。
  55. D 该句是对全文的概括,揭示一个人生哲理:生活并不是要经历暴风雨,而是要会苦中作乐。
  
  例2—3
  What power 53 has! When that power is released to support the certainty of one’s purpose and is  54  strengthened by faith, it becomes an irresistible(不可抗拒的) force which poverty and temporary defeat can never 55 .
  You can communicate that power to anyone who needs it. This is probably the greatest work you can do with your enthusiasm.
  53. A. enthusiasmB. sympathy
  C. fortuneD. confidence
  54. A. deliberatelyB. happily
  C. traditionallyD. constantly
  55. A. winB. match
  C. reachD. doubt
  【简析】
  53. A 感叹句。作者抒发出“热情有着多么强大的力量呀!”的感叹。
  54. D “……这种力量是不断地得到了信任所加强。”
  55. B 这是作者的感叹,真实情感的流露。“这种力量是贫穷和暂时的挫折所不能相比的”。
  
  Remember that winners do what losers don’t want to do.
  
  高考真题大练兵(2009年全国卷Ⅱ)
  完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分) 
  阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 
  One of my father’s favorite sayings as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn’t say I didn’t like 21 , whatever it might be, 22 I tried it. Over the years I’ve come to 23 how much of my success I owe to my 24 of those words as one of my values. My 25 job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I 26 what I want to do as a career(职业). 27 I believed I would work for a few years, get married, stay home and raise a family, so I didn’t think the job I took 28 that much. I couldn’t have been more 29 . I mastered the skills of that beginning level position and I was given the opportunity(机会)to  30  through the company into different 31 . I accepted each new opportunity with the 32 , “Well, I’ll try it; if I don’t like it, I can always go back to my  33  position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years, and I’ve 34 every career change I’ve made. I’ve discovered I 35 a large number of different talents(才能) and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being  36  trying new opportunities. I’ve also discovered that if I 37 what I’m doing and work hard at achieving my 38 , I will succeed. That’s why I’m so 39 to be a part of CareerFables. com. I think 40 has come and I am determined to make it a success.
  
   早上到办公室时,先说一件能让每个人在一天中感到愉快的事。
  
  21. A. everythingB. something
  C. everybodyD. somebody 
  22. A. until afterB. ever since
  C. so thatD. long before 
  23. A. considerB. argue
  C. includeD. realize 
  24. A. suggestionB. explanation
  C. acceptanceD. discussion 
  25. A. hardB. best
  C. extraD. first 
  26. A. determinedB. examined
  C. experiencedD. introduced 
  27. A. ActuallyB. Gradually
  C. FinallyD. Usually 
  28. A. helpedB. required
  C. expressedD. mattered 
  29. A. carefulB. mistaken
  C. interestedD. prepared 
  30. A. look upB. take up
  C. move upD. put up 
  31. A. situationsB. choices
  C. directionsD. positions 
  32. A. thoughtB. reply
  C. actionD. advice 
  33. A. easierB. newer
  C. earlierD. higher 
  34. A. permittedB. counted
  C. organizedD. enjoyed 
  35. A. showB. possess
  C. needD. gather 
  36. A. lucky forB. slow at
  C. open toD. afraid of 
  37. A. think ofB. give away
  C. believe inD. turn into 
  38. A. businessB. goal
  C. fortuneD. growth 
  39. A. excitedB. curious
  C. surprisedD. helpful 
  40. A. dreamB. timeC. powerD. honor 
  【参考答案】
  21. B
  22. A
  23. D
  24. C
  25. D
  26. A
  27. A
  28. D
  29. B
  30. C
  31. D
  32. A
  33. C
  
  34. D
  35. B
  36. C
  37. C
  38. B
  39. A
  40. B
  
  
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【时文呈现】  台湾教改 “劫富济贫”又何妨  最近一段时间,有关教育的话题在台湾很热。公立名牌大学贫困生比例越来越小的现象引起公众注意,教育主管部门正研拟改善措施;有媒体称台湾社会弥漫着“劫富济贫”的情绪,也有民众抱怨台湾教育体制整天改来改去,越改问题越多。  台湾教改的总体目标,用大陆的语言表述,无非是实现教育均衡和素质教育两大类,而二者之中更易触动社会敏感神经的,是教育均衡也就是台湾所说的教
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1. 函数f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)A>0,ω>0,|φ|0时,f(x)=x+4x,且当x∈[-3,-1]时,n≤f(x)≤m恒成立,则m-n的最小值是.    24. 已知数列{an}的前n项和Sn满足Sn+Sm=Sm+n,且a1=1,那么a10=.    25. 设点P在△ABC内,且AP=25AB+15AC,△ABP的面积为20,则△PBC的面积为.    26. 若m,n,l是互不重合
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1. 男儿何不带吴钩,收取关山五十州。请君暂上凌烟阁,若个书生万户侯。  (唐·李贺《南园》)  中唐奇才李贺(790—816),一生困顿坎坷,虽属皇族远枝,却一生沉伦下僚,不得仕进通显,一辈子只做过“奉礼郎”之类的小官(从九品)。由于不堪“臣妾意态间”的屈辱,李贺辞官归家,加之身体羸弱,最终郁郁而死,终年才27岁。这首绝句是《南园》组诗的第五首,抒发了为国出力的豪情壮志,更多地流露了怀才不遇、无
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名著概述  《红楼梦》,中国古代四大名著之一,长篇章回体小说。本书是一部具有高度思想性和伟大艺术性的作品。作者具有初步的民主主义思想,他对现实社会、宫廷、官场的黑暗,封建贵族阶级及其家族的腐朽,封建的科举、婚姻、奴婢、等级制度及社会统治思想等都进行了深刻的批判,并且形象地提出了带有初步民主主义性质的朦胧的理想和主张。《红楼梦》是以贾、史、王、薛四大家族为背景,由主次两条矛盾线索构成故事情节的鸿篇巨
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文题亮相  作文题为第13页“本期作文”。  例文一  宁为苦行僧, 胜作一书生  南京市金陵中学 薛力伟  我所惊羡的,既非繁花似锦,亦非著作等身,只是佛家那看破却说不破、普度众生的胸怀与境界。(起笔点出志向所在,同时指明书生和佛家的不同胸怀与境界——著作等身与普度众生,简洁有力。但“繁花似锦”与“看破却说不破”并不是本文比较的“书生”与佛家的特点,可舍去。)  然而,真正的僧佛,不是读经读出来
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文题亮相  作文题为第13页“本期作文”。  例文  宁为逍遥客,胜作一书生  常州市第一中学 陈一帆  如果我身处一个乱世,我会成为什么样的人?经天纬地的书生之才?匡扶天下的无双猛将?算了吧,我情愿独自仗剑天涯,做一个逍遥的侠客。  我会是豪放洒脱,自由自在的侠客,不再受到太多教条的约束,不必拘泥于陈规陋习,在悠悠天地间驰骋,饿则食野果,渴则饮山泉,乏则席地坐,我将有大把的时间游历山川,在这天下
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