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校本管理是上世纪80年代兴起于美国及一些西方国家的一种新型学校管理理念,强调将以往由教育行政主管部门把持的学校财政预算、人事决策以及课程设置等权力下放给学校本身,让学校根据其自身实际情况进行教学资源的合理配置,从而达到提高办学效率的目的。美国中小学管理运动有效保障了学校管理的民主化和均权化,提高了学校的教育教学质量。本文从校本管理的背景、原则、管理模式及借鉴四个方面对校本管理的管理理念进行探究,并讨论西方校本管理对我国基础教育管理体制改革的借鉴意义。
School-based management is a new concept of school management that emerged in the United States and some western countries in the 1980s. It emphasizes decentralization of the school’s budget, personnel policy-making and curriculum setting, which was previously held by the administrative department of education, to the school itself. According to their own actual conditions for the rational allocation of teaching resources, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the efficiency of running a school. The American primary and middle school management movement effectively guarantees the democratization and equalization of school administration and improves the quality of education and teaching in schools. This article explores the management concept of school-based management from four aspects: the background, principle, management mode and the reference of school-based management, and discusses the reference significance of western school-based management to the reform of China’s basic education management system.