根据墨西哥宪法,墨西哥最基本的土地所有和使用制度主要有三种形式:小土地所有制,公社土地所有制和村社土地所有制。前两者,我国学者都很熟悉,且有不少论著述及。对村社却鲜有所闻,特别是墨西哥的村社制度。事实上,村社制是墨西哥农村中广泛存在的土地占有和使用制度,也是墨西哥农村中独特的政治和社会组织形式。半个多世纪来,村社在保持墨西哥社会的稳定和农村经济的不断发展中起着不可替代的作用。从村社的产生和发展,我们可以清晰地看出几十年来墨西哥农村的深刻变革。 According to the Mexican Constitution, Mexico’s most basic land ownership and use system has three main forms: small land ownership, communal land ownership and village land ownership. The first two are very familiar with Chinese scholars, and there are many treatises on it. There is little news about village communities, especially in Mexico. In fact, village society is a system of land ownership and use that is widespread in rural Mexico and a unique political and social organization in rural Mexico. For more than half a century, village communities played an irreplaceable role in maintaining the stability of Mexican society and the continuous development of rural economy. From the emergence and development of village communities, we can clearly see the profound changes in rural Mexico over the past decades.