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目的:总结2014年昆明市儿童医院急诊抢救病人病种及特点,分析小儿常见抢救疾病的原因及预防措施,为提高重症患儿生存率,急诊抢救工作效率及降低院前死亡率提供依据。方法:回顾总结和分析急诊抢救留观病人1977例,分类统计年龄、主要的抢救病种、死亡病例等。结果:小儿急诊抢救病人高发年龄以<1岁为主,占49.11%,病种排序前三位是呼吸性疾病、神经系统疾病和感染性疾病。院前死亡占急诊死亡病例的58.14%。主要以小于六个月以下的患儿为主要人群,占53.49%,其中新生儿占32.56%。以呼吸系统疾病为主要死亡原因。结论:对于急诊科医护人员而言,掌握最常见危重症患儿的急救诊疗工作,监测重要脏器如心、肺、脑等脏器功能,稳定生命体征,及时转运。应大力推广和普及现场急救及徒手心肺复苏知识,普及自救、互救的急诊知识与技能,降低院前死亡率,注意围生期的筛查工作,特别是对遗传代谢疾病和先天性缺陷的筛查工作,减少意外伤害,从而降低院前死亡率。
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the types and characteristics of emergency salvage patients in Children’s Hospital of Kunming in 2014, to analyze the causes and preventive measures of common salvage diseases in children, and to provide basis for improving the survival rate of emergency children and emergency rescue and reducing prehospital mortality. Methods: A retrospective review and analysis of 1977 patients with emergency rescue observation, classification of statistical age, the main rescue disease, deaths and so on. Results: The highest incidence of pediatric emergency rescue patients was <1 year old, accounting for 49.11%. The top three diseases were respiratory diseases, nervous system diseases and infectious diseases. Prehospital deaths accounted for 58.14% of emergency deaths. Mainly in children less than six months as the main population, accounting for 53.49%, of which 32.56% of newborns. Respiratory diseases as the main cause of death. Conclusion: For the emergency department staff, we should grasp the first-aid diagnosis and treatment of the most common critically ill children, monitor the vital organs such as heart, lung, brain and other organ functions, stabilize the vital signs, and timely transport. We should vigorously promote and popularize the knowledge of on-site first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, popularize emergency knowledge and skills of self-help and mutual aid, reduce the pre-hospital mortality, and pay attention to the screening of perinatal period, especially for genetic metabolic diseases and congenital defects Screening to reduce accidental injuries and thereby reduce pre-hospital mortality.