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摘 要: 试验以丰利德1号玉米为试材,研究叶面喷施不同浓度的黄腐酸钾对夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,黄腐酸钾喷施浓度低于133 mg/L时随喷施浓度的增加,穗粒数、千粒重、产量均表现出逐渐增加的趋势;大于133 mg/L时随浓度的增加,夏玉米株高表现出先增后减的趋势,穗粒数、千粒重、产量均表现出逐渐降低的趋势。以喷施200 mg/L黄腐酸钾处理的夏玉米株高最大,为2.21 m,与对照达极显著差异;穗粒数以67 mg/L黄腐酸钾处理最高,为542.7粒;千粒重、产量均以喷施133 mg/L黄腐酸钾的处理最高,分别为303.2 g、8 771.3 kg/hm2,分别比对照提高7.2%、12.8%,达到极显著差异。因此,夏玉米7叶期喷施黄腐酸钾的最佳浓度为133 mg/L。
关键词: 夏玉米;黄腐酸钾;叶面喷施;产量
中图分类号: S513.062 文献标识号:A 文章编号: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0087 - 04
Effect of Foliage Application of Fulvic Acid
Potassium on Yield of Summer Maize
Wang Hong, Li Fang*, Song Dongtao, Wang Dandan, Meng Zefeng, Liu Xiaoli, Liu Huailong
(Dong ’ e Agricultural Bureau, Dong ’ e 252201, China)
Abstract With Fenglide 1 as material, the effect of foliage application of fulvic acid potassium on summer maize yield was studied. The results showed that the grain number per spike, 1 000-grain weight and yield of maize increased gradually with the increase of fulvic acid potassium concentration when lower than 133 mg/L; but they showed opposite trend, and plant height increased firstly and then decreased at the concentration higher than 133 mg/L. The plant height of summer maize was the highest as 2.21 m at the concentration of 200 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of CK. The grain number per spike was the most as 542.7 at the concentration of 67 mg/L; 1 000-grain weight and yield were the highest as 303.2 g and 8 771.3 kg/hm2 respectively at the concentration of 133 mg/L, which increased by 7.2% and 12.8% respectively compared to CK. In conclusion, the best spraying concentration of fulvic acid potassium was 133mg/L at 7-leaf stage of summer maize.
Key words Summer maize; Fulvic acid potassium; Foliage application; Yield
黄腐酸作为一种土壤改良剂,具有分子量较小、易被生物吸收利用、功能团多、生理活性强、可直接溶于水的特征,是土壤腐植酸中活性最强的一种有机物。它能改善土壤结构,增加土壤透气性[1],提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷的含量,改善土壤化学性质[2],减轻有害物质对农作物的危害,改善土壤盐碱化状况[3],提高土壤保水保肥能力[4],提高肥料利用率[5]。同时黄腐酸也是一种植物生长调节剂,能提高作物引哚乙酸、脱落酸含量,增强SOD和POD活性[6,7],提高iPA(异戊烯基腺嘌呤)和GAs(赤霉素)含量[8] ,提高硝酸盐还原酶活性[9]。黄腐酸除了能影响植物内源激素的含量,还可直接作用于植物,促进细胞伸长刺激植物生长,减小气孔开度[10],提高叶绿素含量[11],增强作物抗逆能力,提高产量和品质[12~14]。据相关研究,黄腐酸能提高玉米种子活力,增加发芽率[15],促进幼苗生长,提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量[16],提高玉米抗旱能力,促进玉米提前出苗[17],提高玉米叶片净光合速率[11]和产量[18]。综上所述,施用黄腐酸能对玉米的生长起到良好的抗旱增产作用,是提高玉米产量,节省农业成本,改善土壤理化性状的重要途径。目前关于黄腐酸钾对玉米的作用机理及抗旱增产效果的研究已有很多,但关于其最佳施用方法及施用量的研究还比较少。本研究通过玉米叶面喷施黄腐酸钾试验对其喷施的最佳用量进行了探讨。
1 材料与方法
试验在山东省东阿县大桥镇井绳赵村中壤质潮土地块进行。土壤有机质含量为16.01 g/kg,pH值为8.4,碱解氮为96.00 mg/kg,有效磷为23.46 mg/kg,有效钾为146.00 mg/kg。 1.1 供试材料
供试黄腐酸钾是由山东创新腐殖酸科技股份有限公司提供的固体粉剂,黄腐酸含量为50.0%,K2O含量为12.0%。供试玉米品种为丰利德1号。
1.2 试验设计
参 考 文 献:
[1] 高玉芬,孙丽蓉,周莉娜,等.黄腐酸土壤改良液体肥试验效果探讨[J].陕西农业科学,2011(6):100-103.
[2] 王斌.腐植酸对棉田土壤磷素有效性影响研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2007.
[3] 杨宇,金强,卢国政,等.生化黄腐酸土壤改良剂对菜田盐碱土壤理化性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(5):45-46.
[4] 张跃文,张彩凤,曾宪成.新型腐植酸磷肥的研究开发进展[J].腐植酸,2009(4):1-5.
[5] 袁瑞江,姚银娟,王丽乔,等.生物腐植酸(黄腐酸)及其在农业中的应用[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(7):36-38,133.
[6] 陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):311-314.
[7] 陈玉玲,曹敏,周燮,等.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗IAA、ABA水平的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):587-590.
[8] 陈玉玲,李建华,沈金宝.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗iPA和GAs含量的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1999,23(4):554-557.
[9] 陈玉玲,曹敏,李云萌,等.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗一些生理过程的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].华北农学报,1999,14(1):143.
[10] 祝国强,刘合民,郭玉华.发酵黄腐酸对小麦生长影响的研究[J].邯郸农业高等专科学校学报,1998,15(1):14-15.
[11] 周莉娜,孙丽蓉,毛晕,等.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):154-157.
[12] Bandiera M, Moscaa G, Vameralib T. Humic acids affect root characteristics of fodder radish ( Rahanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) in metal-polluted wastes[J]. Desalination, 2009,246:78-91.
[13] Li X L, Chen C L, Chang P P, et al. Comparative studies of cobalt sorption and desorption on bentonite, alumina and silica: effect of pH and fulvic acid[J]. Desalination,2009,244:283-292.
[14] Güngr E B ,Bekblet M.Zinc release by humic and fulvic acid as influenced by pH,complexation and DOC sorption[J].Geoderma,2010,159:131-138.
[15] 张景会,张发亮.8%黄腐酸与20%福克种衣剂复配对玉米种子活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(15):6242-6243.
[16] 杨轶囡,窦森.风化煤FA对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):78-80.
[17] 王军,林慧龙.腐殖酸类物质增效剂增产效果室内模拟的统计数字意义[J].甘肃广播电视大学学报,2000,10(3):58-60.
[18] 程尚军,王小宁.旱地玉米采用抗旱剂拌种的增产效果简报[J].甘肃农业科技,2005(4):20-21.
关键词: 夏玉米;黄腐酸钾;叶面喷施;产量
中图分类号: S513.062 文献标识号:A 文章编号: 1001 - 4942(2014)08 - 0087 - 04
Effect of Foliage Application of Fulvic Acid
Potassium on Yield of Summer Maize
Wang Hong, Li Fang*, Song Dongtao, Wang Dandan, Meng Zefeng, Liu Xiaoli, Liu Huailong
(Dong ’ e Agricultural Bureau, Dong ’ e 252201, China)
Abstract With Fenglide 1 as material, the effect of foliage application of fulvic acid potassium on summer maize yield was studied. The results showed that the grain number per spike, 1 000-grain weight and yield of maize increased gradually with the increase of fulvic acid potassium concentration when lower than 133 mg/L; but they showed opposite trend, and plant height increased firstly and then decreased at the concentration higher than 133 mg/L. The plant height of summer maize was the highest as 2.21 m at the concentration of 200 mg/L, which was significantly higher than that of CK. The grain number per spike was the most as 542.7 at the concentration of 67 mg/L; 1 000-grain weight and yield were the highest as 303.2 g and 8 771.3 kg/hm2 respectively at the concentration of 133 mg/L, which increased by 7.2% and 12.8% respectively compared to CK. In conclusion, the best spraying concentration of fulvic acid potassium was 133mg/L at 7-leaf stage of summer maize.
Key words Summer maize; Fulvic acid potassium; Foliage application; Yield
黄腐酸作为一种土壤改良剂,具有分子量较小、易被生物吸收利用、功能团多、生理活性强、可直接溶于水的特征,是土壤腐植酸中活性最强的一种有机物。它能改善土壤结构,增加土壤透气性[1],提高土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷的含量,改善土壤化学性质[2],减轻有害物质对农作物的危害,改善土壤盐碱化状况[3],提高土壤保水保肥能力[4],提高肥料利用率[5]。同时黄腐酸也是一种植物生长调节剂,能提高作物引哚乙酸、脱落酸含量,增强SOD和POD活性[6,7],提高iPA(异戊烯基腺嘌呤)和GAs(赤霉素)含量[8] ,提高硝酸盐还原酶活性[9]。黄腐酸除了能影响植物内源激素的含量,还可直接作用于植物,促进细胞伸长刺激植物生长,减小气孔开度[10],提高叶绿素含量[11],增强作物抗逆能力,提高产量和品质[12~14]。据相关研究,黄腐酸能提高玉米种子活力,增加发芽率[15],促进幼苗生长,提高可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量[16],提高玉米抗旱能力,促进玉米提前出苗[17],提高玉米叶片净光合速率[11]和产量[18]。综上所述,施用黄腐酸能对玉米的生长起到良好的抗旱增产作用,是提高玉米产量,节省农业成本,改善土壤理化性状的重要途径。目前关于黄腐酸钾对玉米的作用机理及抗旱增产效果的研究已有很多,但关于其最佳施用方法及施用量的研究还比较少。本研究通过玉米叶面喷施黄腐酸钾试验对其喷施的最佳用量进行了探讨。
1 材料与方法
试验在山东省东阿县大桥镇井绳赵村中壤质潮土地块进行。土壤有机质含量为16.01 g/kg,pH值为8.4,碱解氮为96.00 mg/kg,有效磷为23.46 mg/kg,有效钾为146.00 mg/kg。 1.1 供试材料
供试黄腐酸钾是由山东创新腐殖酸科技股份有限公司提供的固体粉剂,黄腐酸含量为50.0%,K2O含量为12.0%。供试玉米品种为丰利德1号。
1.2 试验设计
参 考 文 献:
[1] 高玉芬,孙丽蓉,周莉娜,等.黄腐酸土壤改良液体肥试验效果探讨[J].陕西农业科学,2011(6):100-103.
[2] 王斌.腐植酸对棉田土壤磷素有效性影响研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2007.
[3] 杨宇,金强,卢国政,等.生化黄腐酸土壤改良剂对菜田盐碱土壤理化性质的影响[J].北方园艺,2010(5):45-46.
[4] 张跃文,张彩凤,曾宪成.新型腐植酸磷肥的研究开发进展[J].腐植酸,2009(4):1-5.
[5] 袁瑞江,姚银娟,王丽乔,等.生物腐植酸(黄腐酸)及其在农业中的应用[J].河北农业科学,2009,13(7):36-38,133.
[6] 陈玉玲,曹敏,李云荫.干旱条件下黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗中内源ABA和IAA水平以及SOD和POD活性的影响[J].植物生理学通讯,2000,36(4):311-314.
[7] 陈玉玲,曹敏,周燮,等.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗IAA、ABA水平的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):587-590.
[8] 陈玉玲,李建华,沈金宝.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗iPA和GAs含量的影响[J].河北师范大学学报:自然科学版,1999,23(4):554-557.
[9] 陈玉玲,曹敏,李云萌,等.黄腐酸对冬小麦幼苗一些生理过程的影响及作用机理的探讨[J].华北农学报,1999,14(1):143.
[10] 祝国强,刘合民,郭玉华.发酵黄腐酸对小麦生长影响的研究[J].邯郸农业高等专科学校学报,1998,15(1):14-15.
[11] 周莉娜,孙丽蓉,毛晕,等.黄腐酸抗旱营养剂对小麦和玉米生长的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):154-157.
[12] Bandiera M, Moscaa G, Vameralib T. Humic acids affect root characteristics of fodder radish ( Rahanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) in metal-polluted wastes[J]. Desalination, 2009,246:78-91.
[13] Li X L, Chen C L, Chang P P, et al. Comparative studies of cobalt sorption and desorption on bentonite, alumina and silica: effect of pH and fulvic acid[J]. Desalination,2009,244:283-292.
[14] Güngr E B ,Bekblet M.Zinc release by humic and fulvic acid as influenced by pH,complexation and DOC sorption[J].Geoderma,2010,159:131-138.
[15] 张景会,张发亮.8%黄腐酸与20%福克种衣剂复配对玉米种子活力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(15):6242-6243.
[16] 杨轶囡,窦森.风化煤FA对玉米幼苗生长的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2002,24(5):78-80.
[17] 王军,林慧龙.腐殖酸类物质增效剂增产效果室内模拟的统计数字意义[J].甘肃广播电视大学学报,2000,10(3):58-60.
[18] 程尚军,王小宁.旱地玉米采用抗旱剂拌种的增产效果简报[J].甘肃农业科技,2005(4):20-21.