论文部分内容阅读
对分摊原则的不同态度构成了美国专利损害赔偿方法发展的主线,在这个过程中,政策考量和规则适用发挥着不同的作用。现代美国专利损害赔偿中对分摊原则的强调源于IT产业的特殊政策考量。与此相反,医药产业则基于完全不同的政策考量对分摊原则持抵制态度。然而,上述政策考量并未能够如IT产业的主张那样完全影响规则适用,美国法院已经开始将分摊原则适用于药品专利领域,只不过法院通过规则的具体适用在一定程度上照顾了医疗产业的特殊政策考量。美国药品专利损害赔偿方法的演变,揭示了政策考量与规则适用之间的复杂关系,提供了一个认识法律实证主义下法律推理基本特征的良好素材。
The different attitudes toward the principle of apportionment constitute the main line of development of the method of patent damages in the United States. In this process, policy considerations and application of rules play different roles. The emphasis on the principle of apportionment in the damages of modern U.S. patents stems from the special policy considerations of the IT industry. In contrast, the pharmaceutical industry rejects the principle of apportionment on the basis of radically different policy considerations. However, the above policy considerations have not completely affected the application of the rules as the IT industry claims. U.S. courts have already begun to apply the principle of apportionment to the field of pharmaceutical patents, except that the courts, to a certain extent, take care of the special nature of the medical industry through the specific application of the rules Policy considerations. The evolution of the method of compensation for drug patents in the United States reveals the complex relationship between policy considerations and the application of rules and provides a good source for understanding the basic features of legal reasoning under legal positivism.