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水竹,刚竹属散生竹种,为长江流域及其以南最常见的野生竹种之一,也是黄河和长江流域广为栽培的一个竹种。自2003年以来,中国四川雅安地区的水竹出现开花现象,到目前已成大范围开花枯死的趋势。对水竹的开花生物学特性进行了研究。结果显示,水竹开花在每个季节均有发生,但主要集中在12月至次年的5月份,开花以后整个植株枯死。水竹为穗状花序,每个佛焰苞(花序)有5～7个假小穗,每个假小穗有4～6朵小花;水竹花丝长约1.8cm,花药黄绿色,柱头三裂。水竹花药非常丰富,但雌蕊发育不良,因此,至今未发现水竹结实。对开花和未开花竹林环境因子进行调查和分析后发现,竹林内光照时数、气温以及湿度对开花有比较显著的影响。同时,开花和未开花水竹根、茎、叶的冷冻切片显示,开花水竹根、茎、叶的细胞结构和发育状况均差于未开花竹。由此看来,内部生理变化和外部环境影响是导致水竹开花的最终原因。
Phyllostachys, Phyllostachys nigra is one of the most common wild bamboo species to the south of the Yangtze valley and to the south of the Yangtze River. It is also a widely planted species of bamboo in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. Since 2003, flowering of bamboo has taken place in Ya’an, Sichuan, China, and it has become a trend of large-scale flowering and withering. The biological characteristics of flowering bamboo were studied. The results show that the flowering of bamboo occur in each season, but mainly concentrated in December to the following year in May, the entire plant died after flowering. Water bamboo spikes, each spathe (inflorescence) 5 to 7 spikelets, each spikelets have 4 to 6 flowers; water bamboo filaments about 1.8cm, anthers yellow-green, stigma crack. Hydra bamboo anther is very rich, but pistil dysplasia, therefore, has not found water bamboo strong. The investigation and analysis of the environmental factors of flowering and un-flowering bamboo forests found that the light hours, temperature and humidity in bamboo forests had a significant impact on flowering. Meanwhile, the frozen sections of flowering and un-flowering rhizomes, stems and leaves showed that the cellular structure and development status of roots, stems and leaves of flowering plants were all worse than that of un-flowering bamboos. Seen in this light, the internal physiological changes and external environmental impact is the ultimate cause of flowering bamboo.