东欧剧变后,各国在经济上都实行了由公有制向私有制,由计划经济向市场经济的根本转轨,其目标是建立以私有制为主体的市场经济体制。这一转轨,使东欧各国都付出了沉重的代价。在转轨的前三、四年中,由于众多原因,经济形势持续恶化,生产急剧衰退,通货膨胀和失业严重,经济秩序混乱,人民生活水平大幅度下降,是各国遇到的普 After the drastic changes in Eastern Europe, all countries have economically implemented the fundamental transition from public ownership to private ownership and from planned economy to market economy with the goal of establishing a market economy system that is mainly dominated by private ownership. This transition has cost the Eastern European countries a heavy price. In the first three or four years of transition, due to many reasons, the economic situation has continued to deteriorate, the sharp decline in production, the serious inflation and unemployment, the chaotic economic order and the drastic decline in the people’s living standards are the common problems encountered by various countries