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复调理论贯穿了20世纪西方文论史,始于巴赫金,由萨义德来谢幕。巴赫金的复调理论是对话性思维,是作者、主人公的对话,侧重作者与作品;萨义德的对位法是联系性思维,是东方与西方的对话,侧重读者和世界:二者在认识论上都基于客体的主体性,二者在方法论上都向文本外部拓展,注重事物间的联系,重视社会分析、历史溯源、同时性共存。但二者在东方观、体系性和破立之道上存在分歧,萨义德的对位法从三方面发展了巴赫金的复调理论:挣脱欧洲中心倾向,放眼东方;打破整体性系统,关注局部;摧毁权威,有虚无主义倾向。
Polyphony theory runs through the history of Western literary theory in the 20th century, beginning with Bakhtin and ending with Sayed. Bakhtin’s polyphony theory is dialogue thinking, is the dialogue between the author and the protagonist, focusing on the author and his works; Said’s Alignment is associative thinking, is the dialogue between the East and the West, focusing on readers and the world: both in the Epistemology is based on the subjectivity of the object, both of which are methodologically extended to the outside of the text, focusing on the connection between things, focusing on social analysis, traceability of history, coexistence of both. However, there are differences between the two in terms of oriental view, systematicness and breaking through. Sayhyid’s parataxis developed Bakhtin’s polyphony theory from three aspects: to break away from the European center and look to the east; to break the monolithic system and pay attention to Local; destroying authority, nihilistic tendencies.