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目的分析2006—2014年重庆市长寿区职业病发病特征,为今后制定防治策略、实施预防控制措施提供依据。方法以2006—2014年长寿区内各厂矿企事业单位确诊的新发职业病患者为调查对象,分析职业病种类、发病特征和行业分布等。结果 2006-2014年长寿区共发生133例职业病,其中新发尘肺病例95例,占职业病发病总数的71.4%。尘肺病最主要的类型为煤工尘肺和矽肺且以Ⅰ期尘肺为主。造成急性中毒的主要物质是羰基镍、氯气、二氧化硫和一氧化碳等化学物质。造成慢性职业中毒的物质主要是锰及其化合物和苯。结论近五年来长寿区职业病发病人数和职业病种类都在增加,尘肺、职业性化学中毒是常见职业病,应重点开展对高发职业病的预防控制,尤其应加强对中小煤矿及化工企业等私营经济实体的监管。
Objective To analyze the characteristics of occupational diseases in Changshou District of Chongqing City from 2006 to 2014 and provide the basis for future prevention and control measures. Methods The new occupational disease patients confirmed by factories, mines and enterprises in longevity area from 2006 to 2014 were investigated to analyze the types of occupational diseases, the incidence characteristics and the distribution of industries. Results A total of 133 occupational diseases occurred in the longevity area between 2006 and 2014, of which 95 cases were new-onset pneumoconiosis, accounting for 71.4% of the total number of occupational diseases. The most important types of pneumoconiosis were coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and silicosis and stage I pneumoconiosis. The main substances causing acute poisoning are carbonyl nickel, chlorine, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide and other chemicals. The substances that cause chronic occupational poisoning are mainly manganese and its compounds and benzene. Conclusions The number of occupational diseases and types of occupational diseases are increasing in Changshou District in recent five years. Pneumoconiosis and occupational chemical poisoning are common occupational diseases. Prevention and control of high occupational diseases should be emphasized, especially for small and medium-sized coal mines, chemical enterprises and other private economic entities Supervision.