In this work, the local fracture initiation behaviour of an Al2O3/6061 Al composite is studied numerically. The damage behaviour of the microstructure is evaluated in consideration of the path and the amount of damage as well as the stress–strain performance of the microstructure. The damage behaviour of the ductile matrix has been simulated using the damage parameter D. For the simulation of fracture of the ceramic particles, a normal stress criterion is applied. For the analysis of the damage behaviour of the transition zone between particulate and matrix, both damage models(D parameter and normal stress criteria) are applied in this region. Parameter studies of crack propagation prediction in the Al2O3/6061 Al composite on the basis of an Element Elimination technique have been performed for two differently heat-treated variants resulting in different mechanical properties. In addition, residual stress effects on the damage behaviour are examined for various microstructural situations. In this work, the local fracture initiation behavior of an Al2O3 / 6061 Al composite is studied numerically. The damage behavior of the microstructure is evaluated in the path and the amount of damage as well as the stress-strain performance of the microstructure. For the analysis of the damage behavior of the transition zone between particulate and matrix, both Parameter studies of crack propagation prediction in the Al2O3 / 6061 Al composite on the basis of an Element Elimination technique have been performed for two differently heat-treated variants resulting in different mechanical properties. In addition, residual stress effects on the damage behaviors are for a variety of microstructural situat ions.