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为保障我国“十二五”的经济发展并满足节能减排的要求,需要快速拓展天然气市场。然而与世界发达国家相比,由于经济发展程度不同以及货币汇率差等原因,导致中国天然气各类下游市场用户对天然气价格的承受能力不同,上网电价和天然气价格倒挂成为天然气市场拓展的主要制约因素。掌控中国天然气上、中游的供气价格,首先要尽可能快速增加国产天然气、特别是非常规天然气的产量,以较低的价格对冲较高的进口气价;同时要掌控基于门站价的下游用户终端气价,这就需要尽可能减少从门站到终端用户的下游供气成本,而其关键在于降低交易成本。目前中国天然气下游市场存在许多亟待解决的问题,鉴于此,建议要明确各省“门站”和省天然气“门站价”的定义;“省内管网”应是省内国家主干管网与在其基础上“完善和延伸管线”的总和;省管网公司不应是一级交易平台,而是一个管理机构;规范城市燃气公司特许经营权范围,“终端大用户”和城市燃气管网终端用户适用不同的天然气价格;按照市场机制理顺天然气下游不同用户价格。如此就有可能使占下游市场份额60%的大用户市场快速开拓。
In order to ensure the economic development of our country during the “12th Five-Year Plan” and meet the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction, the natural gas market needs to be expanded rapidly. However, compared with the developed countries in the world, due to different economic development levels and poor currency exchange rates, users in various downstream markets of natural gas in China are different in affordability of natural gas prices. Inverted feed-in tariffs and natural gas prices have become the major constraints on natural gas market expansion . To control the price of gas in the upper and middle reaches of China’s natural gas, we must first increase the output of domestic natural gas, especially unconventional natural gas, as quickly as possible, and hedge the higher import gas prices at a lower price. At the same time, we must control the downstream users Terminal gas prices, which need to minimize downstream gas supply from the gate station to the end-user costs, and its key is to reduce transaction costs. At present, there are many problems to be solved in the downstream market of natural gas in the PRC. In view of this, it is suggested that the definition of “gate station” and province natural gas “gate price” be clearly defined; “the provincial pipe network” should be the province National trunk pipe network and on the basis of its “perfect and extension of the pipeline ” sum; provincial pipe network company should not be a trading platform, but a management body; regulate the city gas company franchise scope, “terminal Big users ”and city gas pipe network end-users for different natural gas prices; in accordance with the market mechanism to rationalize the downstream natural gas prices of different users. So it is possible to account for 60% of the downstream market share of the rapid development of large user market.