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塞缪尔·泰勒·柯尔律治(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)在创作于1797年的《忽必烈汗》(Kubla Khan)的前两个名句中提及中国元朝的夏都,“忽必烈汗在上都曾经/下令造一座堂皇的殿堂”。如今,距北京正北方向270公里处的上都已成为考古遗址。古往今来,关于《忽必烈汗》一诗的研究不计其数,它也一直受到浪漫主义研究专家们的关注。然而,学者们主要研究诗中的虚幻景象和诸多典故。这一点在约翰·利文斯顿·洛斯(John Livingston Lowes)的《通往上都之路》(The Road to Xanadu,1927)中得到了很好的证实。该书在对柯尔律治的创作源泉作了冗长的分析后,最终用心理学术语对其进行界定。作为近期的另一流派的文化批评家们考量了始于18世纪的中英知识交易关系,但却没有从中国历史的维度考察《忽必烈汗》中的意象。本文将该诗重置于后现代语境,希冀利用弗雷德里克·詹姆逊(Fredric Jameson)的著作《政治无意识》(The Political Unconscious)对其进行全新的解读,进而说明具有历史意义的上都里蕴含的多元文化因素也应该成为阐释的重要内容。本文最终得出如下结论:在某种程度上,与其用心理批评等传统理论流派分析《忽必烈汗》,不如用杂糅化(hybridization)分析更为贴切。
Samuel Taylor Coleridge mentions the summer of China’s Yuan dynasty in the first two quotes of “Kubla Khan” written in 1797, “Kublai Khan Khan has made / ordered to make a grand palace ”. Today, 270 kilometers north of Beijing, it has become an archeological site. Since ancient times, there are countless studies on the poem of “Kubla Khan,” and it has always been the focus of the study of romanticism experts. However, scholars mainly study the illusory scenes and many allusions in the poem. This is well documented in John Livingston Lowes’s The Road to Xanadu (1927). After a lengthy analysis of Coleridge’s origins, the book eventually defines it in psychology terms. Cultural critics, another recent genre, considered the Sino-British knowledge trade relations that started in the 18th century but did not examine the images of Kubla Khan in terms of Chinese history. This article resets the poem in the postmodern context and hopes to use the “Unconscious” (The Political Unconscious) by Fredric Jameson to interpret it in a totally new way, The multicultural elements contained in Shangdu should also become an important part of interpretation. This paper concludes with the following conclusion: To some extent, it is more appropriate to analyze Kublai Khan rather than analyze it with traditional theories such as psychological criticism.