麦哲伦海山区是西北太平洋内受北西向转换断层控制的板内海底火山链,其形成时代为中侏罗世—白垩纪。独特的构造背景和地理环境,造就麦哲伦海山区成为世界上最重要的富钴结壳分布区之一。海山上覆盖着火山岩和沉积岩两类结壳基岩,基岩的形成时代、类型、分布位置等,对结壳性质有重要影响。富钴结壳于晚白垩世晚期开始形成,始新世—中新世发育最为有利。自侏罗纪以来麦哲伦海山由南半球跨越赤道迁移到北半球。这一阶段南极冰盖的消融与生长和板块构造运动引起的海陆变迁,导致海山区最低含氧层深度和CCD面发生变化,结壳的生长出现间断,内部元素组分发生突变或渐变。麦哲伦海山上的结壳,一般呈现两个世代,新老壳层间在元素含量上有差异,老世代壳层中有6个元素成因组合,壳层中有4个元素成因组合。 The Magellan seamounts are the intraplate seabed volcanic chains controlled by the NW strike faults in the western North Pacific, and were formed in the Middle Jurassic-Cretaceous. Its unique tectonic setting and geographical environment have made the Magellan Sea Mountain Region one of the most important cobalt-rich crust distribution areas in the world. Seamounts are covered with two types of basement rocks, volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks. The formation age, type and distribution of bedrock have an important impact on the nature of crusts. Cobalt-rich crusts began to form in the late Late Cretaceous, and Eocene-Miocene development was most favorable. Magellan seamounts have migrated across the equator from the southern hemisphere to the northern hemisphere since the Jurassic. During this phase, the melting and growth of the Antarctic ice sheet and the sea-land changes caused by plate tectonic movement led to the change of the minimum oxygen-bearing layer depth and the CCD surface in the seamount area. The growth of the crust was interrupted and the internal element composition changed or gradual. The crusts on the Magellan seamounts generally show two generations. There is a difference in elemental content between the old and the new crust. There are six elemental genesis combinations in the old crust and four elemental causes in the crust.