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证明责任在当事人之间如何分配,是关系诉讼程序公正与效率的重要理论与实践问题。在“证实主义”认识论指导下,大陆法系法学家提出了主张者举证说、消极事实说、法律要件分类说等学说,各种学说之间争论从未停息,没有一种权威而普适的理论用于指导法律实践。实质上,“证明”并非只有“证实”一途,“证伪”同样是“证明”的一种有效途径。证伪实质就是由提出可证伪事实的一方承担主要的证明责任。上述诉讼证明责任理论与证伪主义理论其实也存在理论上的暗合,因此,证伪理论或可从新的视角对现有诉讼证明责任理论加以统一。
It is an important theoretical and practical issue that concerns the fairness and efficiency of litigation procedure to prove that responsibility is distributed among the parties. Under the guidance of epistemology “Proofs,” civil law jurists put forward the proposition of those who argue that the negative facts, the classification of legal essentials and other doctrines, the argument among various doctrines never ceased, and there is no single authority Suitable theory is used to guide legal practice. In essence, “proof ” is not an effective way of “proving ”, “falsification ” is also “proof ”. The essence of falsification is to bear the primary burden of proof on the part of the party proposing falsifiable facts. The theory of litigation burden of proof and falsification theory in fact there is a theoretical coincidence, therefore, the falsification theory or from a new perspective on the litigation burden of proof theory to be unified.