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目的 了解我国现代儿童和青少年眼球突出度、瞳距及眶距的发育规律及相互关系 ,为制定儿童和青少年矫治眼镜的标准提供活体参数。方法 采用随机整群抽样调查 ,对厦门 5～ 17岁的儿童和青少年进行随机整群抽样。利用游标卡尺、眼球突出计对其瞳距、眶距及眼球突出度进行活体测量。结果 眼球突出度为 (14 48± 1 71)mm ,5～ 8岁儿童的眼球突出度随年龄的增加而增大 ,9～ 17岁眼球突出度值变化趋于平稳 ;眶距为 (95 5 5± 5 32 )mm ,瞳距为 (5 6 99± 3 93)mm ,两者各年龄组的平均值男性大于女性 ,其随年龄的增加而增大 ,增长趋势呈阶段性。眶距及瞳距增长具有相关性 (r=0 9942 )。结论 儿童和青少年的眼部发育只有一个生长突增期 ,即 8岁前 ,而无第 2次生理突增期及性别交叉 ,其生长规律符合神经系统的生长发育模式。
Objective To understand the developmental rules and interrelations of eyeball protrusion, interpupillary distance and orbital distance in modern children and adolescents in China and to provide living parameters for the development of standards for children and adolescents to correct spectacles. Methods A randomized cluster sampling survey was conducted to randomize children and adolescents aged 5 to 17 in Xiamen. The use of vernier calipers, eyeball out of their IPD pupil, orbital distance and eyeball projection in vivo measurements. (14 48 ± 1 71) mm, the eyeball protrusion of children aged 5 ~ 8 years increased with age, the eyeball protrusion value of 9 ~ 17 years old tended to be stable, and the orbital distance was (95 5 5 ± 5 32) mm, and interpupillary distance was (569 ± 3 93) mm. The mean of male and female in each age group was higher than that of female, which increased with age, and the growth trend was in stages. Orbital distance and interpupillary growth was correlated (r = 0 9942). Conclusion There is only one period of sudden growth of eye development in children and adolescents, that is, before the age of 8, without the second physiological sudden change and gender cross, the growth pattern accords with the growth and development pattern of the nervous system.