核武器(这里主要指核炸弹、核导弹弹头)于1945年问世以来,半个世纪中已发展了三代。第一代核武器是利用铀235或钚239等易裂变重原子核的裂变反应原理制成的原子弹,也叫裂变弹。现在,关于原子弹的科学原理和技术已成为公开的秘密,在不进行核试验的条件下也可以研制出来,只需具备相应的科技水平和核原料。这种武器的扩散已成为当今的主要威胁。第二代核武器指利用重氢(氘)、超重氢(氚)等轻原子核的热核聚变反应原理制成的氢弹,也称热核弹或聚变弹。它需要利用小型原子弹引爆热核材料。研制氢弹必须进行广泛的 Nuclear weapons (mainly referred to as nuclear bombs and nuclear missile warheads here) have been developed for three generations in half a century since its introduction in 1945. The first generation of nuclear weapons are atomic bombs, also known as fission bombs, made by the fission reaction principle of fissile heavy nuclei such as uranium 235 or plutonium 239. At present, the scientific principles and technologies concerning atomic bombs have become open secrets and can be developed without conducting nuclear tests, and only need to have the corresponding level of science and technology and nuclear raw materials. The proliferation of such weapons has become a major threat today. The second generation of nuclear weapons refers to the use of deuterium (deuterium), overweight hydrogen (tritium) and other light atomic nuclei nuclear fusion reaction principle made of hydrogen bomb, also known as the thermonuclear bomb or fusion bomb. It requires the use of small atomic bombs to detonate thermonuclear material. Development of hydrogen bombs must be extensive