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目的探讨视屏显示终端(VDT)作业人员非特异性颈痛(NNP)的危险因素,为其防治提供科学依据。方法采用文献综述方法搜索国内外研究VDT作业人员NNP危险因素的前瞻性队列研究资料,采用21个指标对符合条件的文献进行综合质量评价,其中包括11项内部效度评价指标与10项描述性研究质量评价指标。结果检索到VDT作业人员NNP危险因素相关文献16篇,9篇符合本研究的纳入标准,其中7篇为高质量研究论文。VDT作业人员NNP危险因素分为三类:个体特征、工作特征、同工作相关的社会心理因素。有较强的证据显示,女性、既往NNP患病史、工作困难、肌肉紧张与NNP的发生存在关联;较强的证据显示,键盘操作时间、对办公室内设备位置的认知、社会支持与NNP的发生不相关;中等强度的证据显示,体育锻炼、心理压力与NNP的发生不相关。结论通过系统分析研究,可得出部分影响VDT作业人员NNP发生的危险因素,可为制定VDT作业人员发生NNP的预防控制措施提供依据。
Objective To explore the risk factors of nonspecific neck pain (NNP) in VDT operators and provide a scientific basis for their prevention and treatment. Methods A literature review method was used to search the prospective cohort study data of NNP risk factors in VDT workers at home and abroad. The comprehensive quality evaluation of eligible literature was carried out with 21 indexes, including 11 indexes of internal validity evaluation and 10 descriptive Research quality evaluation index. Results There were 16 articles related to NNP risk factors of VDT operatives and 9 articles meeting the inclusion criteria of this study. Among them, 7 were high quality research papers. NNP risk factors for VDT operators fall into three categories: individual characteristics, job characteristics, and social-psychological factors associated with work. There is strong evidence that there is a correlation between women with previous NNP history of illness, difficulty with work, and muscle tension with NNP; strong evidence of keyboard operation time, perception of device location in the office, social support, and NNP The evidence of moderate intensity shows that physical exercise and psychological stress are not related to the occurrence of NNP. Conclusion Through systematic analysis and research, some risk factors that affect the occurrence of NNP of VDT workers can be drawn, which can provide evidence for the prevention and control measures of NNP occurring in VDT workers.