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目的:探讨利用单孔胸腔镜技术对Ⅲ期结核性脓胸患者进行全纤维板剥脱术的可行性和技术要点。方法:回顾性分析2017年8月至2020年7月158例在上海市肺科医院胸外科接受单孔胸腔镜全纤维板剥脱治疗的Ⅲ期结核性脓胸患者的资料。男性127例，女性31例，年龄［n M（IQR）］为32（28）岁（范围：14~78岁）。所有患者于全身麻醉下节段切除特定5 cm长肋骨，借助切口保护套暴露切口，获得操作空间，进而借助特殊器械进行全纤维板剥脱术。在无漏气、引流液清亮5 days) was 80.3%(126/157). The postoperative hospital stay was 5.00 (2.25) days (range:2 to 15 days). All patients were discharged with 2 chest tubes, and the median duration drainage was 21.00 (22.50) days (range: 3 to 77 days). Follow-up was completed in all patients over a duration of 20 (14) months (range: 12 to 44 months). At follow-up, 149 patients(94.9%) recovered to grade Ⅰ level, 7 patients to grade Ⅱ level, and 1 patient to grade Ⅲ level.Conclusion:Uniportal VATS decortication involving partial rib resection and a customized periosteal stripper is safe and effective for patients with stage Ⅲ tuberculous empyema.