目的了解柳州市放射作业人员外周血中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率。方法采用微量全血培养法制备标本,检测柳州市458名放射作业人员和200名健康成人的微核率和染色体畸变率。结果柳州市放射作业人员和健康成人外周血淋巴细胞微核率分别为1.76‰和0.36‰,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);染色体畸变率分别为0.67%和0.05%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。不同工种放射作业人员外周血中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同工龄的放射作业人员外周血中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),以20年以上工龄组最高。结论柳州市放射作业人员外周血中淋巴细胞微核率和染色体畸变率明显高于正常健康人群,因此加强辐射防护知识培训及做好辐射防护工作非常重要。 Objective To understand the lymphocyte micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate in peripheral blood of radiation workers in Liuzhou city. Methods The micro-blood culture method was used to prepare the samples and detect the micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate of 458 radiation workers and 200 healthy adults in Liuzhou city. Results The micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers and healthy adults in Liuzhou were 1.76 ‰ and 0.36 ‰, respectively, with statistical significance (P <0.01). The rates of chromosome aberrations were 0.67% and 0.05% respectively, with statistical difference Significance (P <0.01). There was no significant difference in lymphocyte micronucleus frequency and chromosome aberration rate in peripheral blood of radiation workers of different types (P> 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in lymphocyte micronucleus rate and chromosome aberration rate in peripheral blood of radiation workers of different working ages Significance (P <0.01), with 20 years of service age group highest. Conclusion The frequency of lymphocyte micronucleus and chromosome aberration in peripheral blood of radiation workers in Liuzhou City is significantly higher than that in normal healthy people. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen the knowledge of radiation protection and do radiation protection.