笔者在日本仙台秋保町马场村做人类学田野调查时,发现“村落共同体”仍然存在。20世纪90年代以后,日本社会学家开始反思日本“村落共同体”。日本在农村都市化的过程中,经历了对“村落共同体”的否定与肯定的二元对立评价历程,最终承认了“村落共同体”存在的价值。“村落共同体”的维系,在于“集体活动”的开展,村落中“集体活动”的主角是村落社会组织,其中,町内会的作用尤其重要。 When I did an anthropological fieldwork at Akihabara, Sendai-cho, Sendai, Japan, I found that “village community” still exists. After the 1990s, Japanese sociologists began to reflect on Japan’s “village community.” In the process of urbanization in rural areas, Japan experienced the binary opposition evaluation process of negation and affirmation of the “village community” and eventually recognized the existence value of “village community.” The maintenance of “village community” lies in the development of “collective activities”. The main character of “collective activities” in the village is the village social organization. The role of town associations is especially important.