“文学自觉说”是个产生于“五四”时期的古代文论概念,关于这个问题的争论从上世纪80年代开始便从未停息过。学者们形成了“汉代文学自觉说”和“魏晋文学自觉说”两个主要派别。而到了新世纪,又有学者认为,“文学自觉说”毕竟是个西化的概念,借用到中国古代文论的研究中,也许本身就不存在合理性。本文就这些派别的观点与论据进行梳理,以期得出有建设性的概括和结论。 Literary Consciousness Theory is an ancient concept of literary theory that emerged from the May 4th Movement. The debate on this issue has never stopped since the 1980s. Scholars formed two major factions: “Consciousness of Han Literature” and “Literary Consciousness of Wei and Jin Dynasties”. In the new century, some scholars think that “Literary Consciousness Theory ” is, after all, a concept of Westernization, and borrowing from the study of ancient Chinese literary theory may not be reasonable in itself. This article reviews the arguments and arguments of these factions in order to arrive at constructive summaries and conclusions.