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MicroRNAs(miRNA)是一类内源性小分子非编码RNA,在转录后水平调控基因的表达。半数以上的miRNA定位于与肿瘤发生相关的染色体区域或脆性位点,超过一半的miRNA与癌症发生相关。目前研究表明,一些miRNA与5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)的抗肿瘤化疗敏感性有密切关系,miRNA可通过调控药物代谢相关酶,如胸苷酸合成酶(TS)、二氢嘧啶脱氢酶(DPD)和胸苷酸磷酸化酶(TP)等,调控细胞凋亡(主要是Bcl-2、Bcl-x L、Bax等)以及细胞周期从而影响5-Fu化疗敏感性。此外,miRNA还可通过其他一些机制如调控上皮间质转化(EMT)、多药耐药(MDR)和肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)等影响5-Fu化疗敏感性。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. More than half of miRNAs are located in chromosomal regions or fragile sites associated with tumorigenesis, and more than half of miRNAs are associated with cancer development. The current study shows that some miRNAs are closely related to the antitumor chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu). MiRNAs can regulate the metabolism of drugs such as thymidylate synthase (TS), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), thymidylate phosphorylase (TP) and so on, which can affect 5-Fu chemosensitivity by regulating cell apoptosis (mainly Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bax, etc.) and cell cycle. In addition, miRNAs can affect 5-Fu chemosensitivity through other mechanisms such as EMT, MDR and CSCs.