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集权与分权是中国政治发展的重要主题,涉及政党、国家与社会的基本关系。在中国的国家与社会关系中,作为领导核心的政党具有决定性的作用。新中国建立后,中国共产党通过一套有效的组织网络和领导体制,即权力组织网络,形成了对国家和社会的领导。为了应对社会主义建设战略的失误所导致的社会发展危机,党通过这套权力组织网络形成了对国家和社会的高度集权局面。改革开放后,在分权的作用下,党对权力组织网络进行了一些结构性的调整,但没有改变权力组织网络的全局。党依然通过这套权力组织网络来领导国家与社会。这套权力组织网络的存在和发展是在中国共产党领导中国现代化发展过程中形成的,有其特定的历史与现实的规定性,然而,随着中国现代化发展的深入,尤其是在全球化背景下的社会主义市场经济的发展,其内在的局限性将日益体现。为此,中国共产党必须积极地进行制度创新,重构党领导国家与社会的制度体系和组织体系。
Centralization and decentralization are the major themes of China’s political development and involve the basic relations between political parties, the state and the society. In China’s relations between state and society, the party that has the core of leadership has a decisive role. After the founding of New China, the Chinese Communist Party has formed a leadership over the country and society through an effective network of organizations and leadership system, the network of power organizations. In response to the crisis of social development caused by the mistakes in the socialist construction strategy, the party formed a highly centralized state of the country and society through this network of power organizations. After the reform and opening up, under the function of decentralization, the party made some structural adjustments to the network of power organizations, but did not change the overall situation of the network of power organizations. The party still leads the nation and society through this network of power organizations. The existence and development of this network of power organizations were formed during the process of China’s CPC’s leadership of China’s modernization and have their own specific historical and realistic provisions. However, with the deepening of China’s modernization and especially in the context of globalization The development of socialist market economy, its inherent limitations will be increasingly reflected. To this end, the Chinese Communist Party must actively carry out system innovation and reconstruct the system and system of the party leading the state and society.