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以长期定位试验玉米季成熟期6种土壤微生物活性和9种土壤化学性质指标组成的土壤生物肥力性质为评价指标对不同施肥条件下的土壤质量水平进行主成分分析。结果表明,经18年连续不同施肥处理后,各土壤性质在处理间均产生显著差异,但各土壤性质在处理间的变化趋势并不完全一致。上述15个土壤性质指标最终可以用两个主成分来综合表征土壤质量,其中有机C、全N、碱解N、pH值、微生物生物量C、微生物生物量N、脲酶、转化酶、FDA酶和脱氢酶活性等10个土壤性质在第一主成分(PC1)上有较高因子负荷;全P、全K、速效N和速效P在第二主成分(PC2)上有较高的因子负荷。同时各施肥土壤质量水平在主成分1上的分异程度大于主成分2。根据两个主成分的综合得分结果显示,长期不同施肥土壤质量水平高低依次表现为OM>1/2OM>NPK>NP>PK>NK>CK。
The principal component analysis of soil quality under different fertilization conditions was carried out using the soil biological fertility characteristics composed of six soil microbial activities and nine soil chemical properties indicators in the long-term experiment. The results showed that after 18 consecutive years of different fertilization treatments, the soil properties were significantly different among the treatments, but the trend of the soil properties was not exactly the same among the treatments. The above-mentioned 15 indexes of soil properties can finally comprehensively characterize the soil quality with two main components, among which organic C, total N, alkaline hydrolysis N, pH, microbial biomass C, microbial biomass N, urease, invertase, FDA enzyme And the dehydrogenase activity ten soil properties had a higher factor loading on the first principal component (PC1); the total P, total K, available N and available P had a higher factor on the second principal component (PC2) load. At the same time, the degree of differentiation of fertilization soil quality on the principal component 1 is greater than that of the principal component 2. According to the comprehensive score of the two principal components, the results showed that the quality of long-term different fertilization soil followed OM> 1 / 2OM> NPK> NP> PK> NK> CK.