目的　探讨骨化性气管支气管病 (TO)的临床特征、诊断和治疗。方法　对TO患者行影像学、肺功能、支气管镜及病理学检查并结合文献分析其临床特点。结果　TO是指气管粘膜下有多发性骨质和软骨组织结节状增生并突向管腔。 1999年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 5月经纤维支气管镜检查 (纤支镜检 )TO的阳性率为 0 3 5 % ( 4 /112 5 ) ,2男 2女 ,3 5～ 60岁 ,既往行纤支镜检及活检均误诊。TO症状为咳嗽 ( 3 /4)、咳痰 ( 2 /4)、血丝痰 ( 3 /4)、声嘶 ( 1/4)等 ,亦可无症状 ( 1/4) ,胸片均未见异常。CT示气管壁有不规则斑点状钙化影并突入管腔 ( 3 /4)。 1例呈轻度阻塞性通气功能障碍 ,其余 3例气道阻力测定有 1例增加。纤支镜检气管壁可见特征性的大小不等结节突向管腔 ,质硬。病理均见粘膜下软骨和骨质结节状增生。 1例给予丙酸倍氯米松和茶碱治疗 ,半年后症状、气管粘膜充血改善。结论　TO不是罕见病 ,易被漏诊、误诊 ,建议有关专著介绍此病 Objective To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of ossification of tracheobronchial disease (TO). Methods TO patients underwent imaging, lung function, bronchoscopy and pathological examination combined with literature analysis of its clinical features. Results TO refers to the tracheal mucosa has multiple bone and cartilage nodular hyperplasia and protruding into the lumen. From June 1999 to May 2000, the positive rate of TO by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (bronchoscopy) was 0 35% (4/112 5), 2 males and 2 females, 35 to 60 years old, Bronchoscopy and biopsy were misdiagnosed. TO symptoms were cough (3/4), sputum (2/4), phlegm (3/4), hoarseness (1/4) abnormal. CT showed tracheal irregular plaque calcification and into the lumen (3/4). One case showed mild obstructive ventilatory dysfunction and the other three cases had an increase in airway resistance. Fiber bronchoscopy tracheal wall visible characteristic sizes ranging from nodules to the lumen, hard. Pathological findings of submucosal cartilage and bone nodular hyperplasia. One patient was given beclomethasone propionate and theophylline for treatment. After six months, the symptoms and tracheal mucosal hyperemia were improved. Conclusion TO is not a rare disease, easily missed diagnosis, misdiagnosis, the proposed monograph on the disease