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本文考察了中华帝国晚期的科举制度及其演变和转化,认为明清科举制度是中国政治、社会、经济和智识生活中最具活力的政治交汇点,它支持了前近代中国社会、政治、经济与文化再生产。文章进而指出中国传统学术和科举制度的终结,及其被现代教育所取代的历史复杂性。科举的终结,更意味着连接传统士人价值观、帝国的文化活力和精英士绅地位之间的社会文化纽带的解体。
This paper examines the imperial examination system and its evolution and transformation in the late imperial China and holds that the imperial examination system in the Ming and Qing Dynasties is the most dynamic political meeting point in China’s political, social, economic and intellectual life. It supports the pre-modern Chinese social, political, Economic and Cultural Reproduction. The article further points out the end of Chinese traditional academic and imperial examination system and its historical complexity replaced by modern education. The end of the imperial examination also means the disintegration of the social-cultural bond between the values of the traditional scholars, the cultural vitality of the empire, and the elitist gentry status.