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达赖喇嘛、班禅额尔德尼是藏传佛教格鲁派的两大活佛,两大系统的关系对近代西藏政局乃至中国的边疆形势都产生了重要影响。1927——1933年,国民政府在南京成立,又完成形式上的全国统一,但国内战乱未息,而日本帝国主义发动的侵华战争不断升级,英国仍利用“西藏问题”干涉中国内政。在这种形势下,国民政府采取一系列措施恢复及强化与达赖、班禅两大系统的政治联系,努力协调两系统的关系,以加强对西藏地区事务的管理、维护领土主权和国家统一。针对达赖、班禅两大系统关系,国民政府采取了哪些政策、措施,又是如何演变的?这些政策的效果如何,有何影响?本文拟在已有成果基础上,主要依据已公布的国民政府档案,结合相关文献,对这些问题进行系统的探讨。
The Dalai Lama and the Panchen Erdeni are two living Buddhas of the Gelug Sect in Tibetan Buddhism. The relationship between the two systems has had an important influence on the political situation in modern Tibet and even the border situation in China. From 1927 to 1933, the Nationalist government was established in Nanjing and completed the formal unification of the country. However, as the domestic war did not occur, the invasion of China launched by the Japanese imperialists kept escalating. Britain still used the “Tibet issue” to interfere in China’s internal affairs . Under such circumstances, the Kuomintang government has taken a series of measures to restore and strengthen the political ties with the Dalai and Panchen Lama’s two systems, and strive to coordinate the relations between the two systems in order to strengthen the management of affairs in Tibet and safeguard territorial sovereignty and national unity. What are the policies and measures adopted by the Kuomintang government and how they have evolved in response to the two system relations between the Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama? How and why these policies affect the effectiveness of the policy? Based on the existing achievements, the paper mainly bases on the announced nationals Government files, combined with relevant literature, a systematic discussion of these issues.