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缺氮降低玉米产量;过量施氮并不能进一步提高玉米产量,反而降低氮素利用效率,并造成严重的环境问题。合理施氮能够保证玉米不同生育期充足的氮素吸收,有利于最大产量的获得。分析近年来国内外学者对不同供氮水平影响玉米形态和生理过程的研究,从根系发育、叶片形态和光合作用以及穗发育的角度探讨缺氮减产、过量供氮不能增产的原因,以期为合理的玉米氮肥管理以及氮高效玉米品种的选育提供理论依据。
Nitrogen deficiency reduces corn yield; excess nitrogen application does not further increase corn yield, but reduces nitrogen use efficiency and causes serious environmental problems. Reasonable nitrogen application can ensure adequate nitrogen uptake in different growth stages of maize, which is beneficial to obtain the maximum yield. In this paper, the domestic and foreign scholars’ research on the effects of different nitrogen supply levels on the morphological and physiological processes of maize in recent years is analyzed. The reasons for the lack of nitrogen and reduced production and the excessive nitrogen supply can not be increased from the aspects of root development, leaf morphology, photosynthesis and ear development, Of corn nitrogen fertilizer management and breeding of high nitrogen efficient corn varieties provide theoretical basis.