一、為甚麽要學習斯大林關於語言學的著作? 今天開始關於斯大林同志所著‘馬克思主義與語言學問題’的學習報告,這個學習對於我們具有極其重要的意義。斯大林同志關於語言學的著作發表在兩年以前,這些著作在理論方面與解决實際問題方面的指導意義,越來越顯出高度的科學性和實践性。大家知道,斯大林關於語言學的著作是針對馬爾學派,並且首先是為了糾正馬爾學派錯誤而發表的。馬爾及其學派是語言學的‘權威’,馬爾關於語言學的著作很多,大概有一百數十種,他研究過印歐語、閃語,含語、雅弗語——卽格魯吉亞語,尤其是他的故鄉格魯吉亞的語言,世人一向研究的很少,所以他在這方面的貢獻很大。斯大林也說:‘馬爾有個別的、優秀的、寫得很精彩的著作’,‘這種有價值的和值得學習的東西,應當從馬爾那里採取過來,加以利用’。但是,馬爾及其學派在語言學方面的基本理論是錯誤的,而且有着理論上的狂妄傾向,建立了軍閥式的統治制度,同時又把馬克思主義庸俗化了,簡單化了@樣就得出一個錯誤的結論;語言同其他上層建築一樣,它本身也是上層建築,因此就認為語言也有階級性,由此出發而創出語言的‘階段论’。由於馬爾學派在理論上犯了嚴重錯誤,陷入唯心主義,並建立了軍閥式的統治制度,阻塞了自由批評等,這樣就給語言學帶來了危機。為了使蘇聯語言學擺脫危機,從而走上健全發展的道路,並且使馬克思主義不僅在語言學領域,而且在其他科學領域,也能够得到創造性的發展,斯大林同志才接受許多青年同志的要求,出來回答馬克思主義在語言學中的問题。我們现在來學習斯大林同志關於語言學的幾篇著作,是執行我們學校 First, why should we study Stalin’s work on linguistics? Today, we begin a study report on Marxist and Linguistic Issues by Comrade Stalin, which is extremely important to us. Two years ago Comrade Stalin’s work on linguistics was published two years ago. These works are more and more highly scientific and practical in their theoretical and practical guidance. As we all know, Stalin’s linguistic work is directed at the Marleans, and above all, it was published to correct the Marist mistakes. Mal and his school are the ’authority’ of linguistics. Muir has many books on linguistics, about a hundred and dozens. He studied Indo-European, Flash, Mongolian, Japheth-Georgian, In particular, the language of his hometown, Georgia, has rarely been studied by the world, so he has made great contributions in this regard. Stalin also said: ’There are separate, excellent and well-written writings of Marr,’ and this valuable and worthwhile thing to learn should be taken from Marl to make use of. ’ However, the basic theory of Maltese and his school in linguistics is wrong, and there is a theoretical tendency of arrogance. The establishment of a warlord-style rule system at the same time simplifies Marxism and simplifies it. The wrong conclusion is that language, like other superstructures, is itself an superstructure, so that language is also classic, starting from which it creates the ’stage theory’ of language. Due to the Marxist school of theory made a serious mistake, into idealism, and established a warlord-style rule, blocking free criticism, etc., thus bringing a crisis of linguistics. In order for the Soviet philology to emerge from the crisis so as to embark on a sound path of development and enable Marxism to develop creatively, not only in linguistics but also in other fields of science, Comrade Stalin accepted the request of many young gays Answer the question of Marxism in linguistics. Let us now study Comrade Stalin’s several books on linguistics, which are carried out in our school